I-Beryllium, okuqukethwe kwayo okungu-0.001% kuqweqwe lomhlaba, amaminerali ayinhloko yi-beryl, i-beryllium ne-chrysoberyl.I-beryllium yemvelo inama-isotopes amathathu: i-beryllium-7, i-beryllium-8, ne-beryllium-10.I-Berryllium iyinsimbi empunga yensimbi;iphoyinti elincibilikayo 1283°C, indawo abilayo 2970°C, ukuminyana 1.85 g/cm, beryllium ion radius 0.31 angstroms, encane kakhulu kunezinye izinsimbi.Izici ze-beryllium: Izakhiwo zamakhemikhali ze-beryllium ziyasebenza futhi zingakha ungqimba oluvikelayo lwe-oxide ongaphezulu.Ngisho nalapho kushisa okubomvu, i-beryllium izinzile emoyeni.I-Berryllium ayikwazi ukusabela kuphela nge-asidi ehlanjululwe, kodwa futhi incibilika ku-alkali eqinile, ebonisa i-amphoteric.Ama-oksidi nama-halides e-beryllium anezakhiwo ezicacile ze-covalent, izinhlanganisela ze-beryllium zibola kalula emanzini, futhi i-beryllium nayo ingakha ama-polymers kanye nama-covalent compounds anokuqina okushisayo okusobala.

I-Beryllium, njenge-lithium, nayo yakha ungqimba lwe-oxide evikelayo, ngakho-ke izinzile emoyeni ngisho nalapho ibomvu kushisa.Ayincibiliki emanzini abandayo, incibilika kancane emanzini ashisayo, incibilika ku-dilute hydrochloric acid, i-dilute sulfuric acid nesixazululo se-potassium hydroxide ukuze ikhulule i-hydrogen.I-Metal beryllium inokumelana nokugqwala okukhulu kwensimbi ye-sodium engenawo umoya-mpilo ngisho emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.I-Berryllium inesimo esihle se-valence engu-2 futhi ingakha ama-polymers kanye nekilasi lezinhlanganisela ezihlangene ezinokuqina okushisayo okuphawulekayo.

I-Beryllium nezinhlanganisela zayo zinobuthi obukhulu.Nakuba izinhlobo eziningana ze-beryllium zitholakala oqweqweni lomhlaba, kuseyivelakancane kakhulu, okwenza ingxenye engama-32 kuphela yazo zonke izakhi eziseMhlabeni.Umbala nokubukeka kwe-beryllium kumhlophe ngesiliva noma okumpunga kwensimbi, futhi okuqukethwe kuqweqwe: 2.6×10%

Amakhemikhali e-beryllium ayasebenza, futhi kunezinhlobo ezingu-8 ze-beryllium isotopes ezitholiwe: kuhlanganise ne-beryllium 6, i-beryllium 7, i-beryllium 8, i-beryllium 9, i-beryllium 10, i-beryllium 11, i-beryllium 12, i-beryllium 14, i-beryllium 14 kuphela. 9 uzinzile, amanye ama-Isotopes anemisebe.Emvelweni, ikhona ku-beryl, i-beryllium ne-chrysoberyl ore, futhi i-beryllium isatshalaliswa esweni le-beryl nekati.I-beryllium ephethe insimbi inezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ezisobala, ezinemibala emihle futhi bekuyitshe eliyigugu elibaluleke kakhulu kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo.

Amatshe ayigugu aqoshwe emibhalweni yasendulo yaseShayina, njenge-cat essence, noma itshe le-cat essence, iso lekati, ne-opal, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-chrysoberyl abantu abaningi, lawa ma-ore aqukethe i-beryllium ngokuyisisekelo ayizinhlobonhlobo ze-beryl.Ingatholwa nge-electrolysis ye-beryllium chloride encibilikisiwe noma i-beryllium hydroxide.

I-beryllium ehlanzekile futhi iwumthombo obalulekile wama-neutron asheshayo.Ngokungangabazeki, kubaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwezishintshi zokushisa kuma-reactors enuzi, isibonelo, isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi njengomengameli we-neutron kuma-reactors enuzi.Ama-alloys ethusi e-beryllium asetshenziselwa ukwenza amathuluzi angazikhiqizi izinhlansi, njengezingxenye ezibalulekile ezihambayo zezinjini ze-aero-aero, amathuluzi anembayo, njll. Kuhle ukusho ukuthi i-beryllium isiphenduke into ekhangayo yesakhiwo sezindiza nemicibisholo ngenxa yokukhanya kwayo. isisindo, i-modulus ephezulu yokunwebeka nokuzinza okuhle kokushisa.Ngokwesibonelo, ezinhlelweni ezimbili zasemkhathini ze-Cassini Saturn probe kanye ne-Mars rover, i-United States iye yasebenzisa inqwaba yezingxenye zensimbi ze-beryllium ukuze kwehliswe isisindo.
Qaphela ukuthi i-beryllium inobuthi.Ikakhulukazi kuwo wonke ama-cubic meter omoya, inqobo nje uma imiligremu eyodwa yothuli lwe-beryllium ingabangela abantu ukuba bathole inyumoniya eyingozi - i-beryllium lung disease.imboni yensimbi yezwe lakithi iye yanciphisa okuqukethwe kwe-beryllium ku-cubic meter yomoya eyodwa yaba ngaphansi kwegram eyi-1/100 000, futhi yaxazulula ngokuphumelelayo inkinga yokuvikela ubuthi be-beryllium.

Eqinisweni, izinhlanganisela ze-beryllium zinobuthi kakhulu kune-beryllium, kanti izinhlanganisela ze-beryllium zakha izinto ezinjenge-jelly ezincibilikayo ezicutshini zezilwane kanye ne-plasma, yona isabela ngamakhemikhali ne-hemoglobin ukuze ikhiqize into entsha eyenza izilonda ezihlukahlukene zenzeke ezicutshini nasezithweni, kanye ne-beryllium. emaphashini nasemathanjeni kungase futhi kubangele umdlavuza.