1. Izici zethusi elibomvu elimsulwa: ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu, ukuhlela okuhle, okuqukethwe kwe-oxygen ephansi kakhulu.akukho

Ama-pores, i-trachoma, i-porosity, i-conductivity kagesi enhle kakhulu, ukunemba okuphezulu kobuso besikhunta se-electro-etched, ngemva kwenqubo yokushisa ukushisa, i-electrode ayinayo isiqondiso, ifanele ukusika kahle, ukusika kahle, ukusebenza kuqhathaniswa neJapane. ikhopha ebomvu emsulwa, intengo ithengeka kakhulu, ingenye Umkhiqizo okhethwayo wethusi ongenisiwe.Cu≥99.95% O<003Conductivity≥57ms/mHardness≥85.2HV

2. Izici ze-Chromium-copper: ukuqhutshwa kahle kukagesi nokushisayo, ukuqina okuphezulu, ukumelana nokuqhuma kanye nokuqhuma, okuvame ukusetshenziswa njengebhulokhi ye-conductive.

3. Izakhiwo zethusi zeBeryllium: I-Beryllium yethusi iyingxube eqinile esekwe ngethusi.I-alloy engeyona i-ferrous enenhlanganisela enhle yezakhiwo zemishini, izakhiwo ezibonakalayo, izakhiwo zamakhemikhali kanye nokumelana nokugqwala.Ngemuva kwesisombululo esiqinile kanye nokwelashwa kokuguga, kunokulingana nensimbi ekhethekile.Umkhawulo wamandla aphezulu, umkhawulo wokunwebeka, umkhawulo wesivuno kanye nomkhawulo wokukhathala.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ine-conductivity ephezulu kagesi, i-thermal conductivity, ubulukhuni obukhulu nokumelana nokugqoka, ukumelana nokukhuphuka okuphezulu kanye nokumelana nokugqwala.Izinto ze-electrode zokushisela zemishini yokufa, izibhakela zomshini wokubumba umjovo, umsebenzi ongagugi futhi ongagqwali, njll., imichilo yethusi ye-beryllium isetshenziswa kumabhulashi emoto encane, amabhethri omakhalekhukhwini, izixhumi zekhompyutha, othintana nabo abahlukahlukene, iziphethu, iziqeshana, ama-gaskets, ama-diaphragm, i-Membrane neminye imikhiqizo.Kuyimpahla yezimboni ebaluleke kakhulu futhi ebalulekile ekwakheni umnotho kazwelonke.Ukuminyana 8.3g/cm3 Ukuqina 36-42HRC Ukuhamba kukagesi ≥18% IACS amandla aqinile ≥1000Mpa Thermal conductivity ≥105w/m.k20℃

4. Izici ze-tungsten nethusi: lapho i-powder metallurgy isetshenziselwa isikhunta esenziwe ngensimbi ye-tungsten, insimbi ye-carbon ephezulu kanye ne-alloy ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, lapho ukugqwala kukagesi kuyadingeka, ngenxa yokulahleka okukhulu nesivinini esincane sama-electrode ajwayelekile, I-tungsten yethusi iyinto efanelekile.Amandla okugoba≥667Mpa

Ukuminyana 14g/cm3 Ukuqina ≥ 184HV Conductivity ≥ 42% IACS.

Ezikhathini zanamuhla, ithusi lisasetshenziswa ngezindlela eziningi kakhulu.I-conductivity yethusi ingeyesibili kuphela kunesiliva, ibeka isibili phakathi kwezinsimbi, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini kagesi.

Ithusi kulula ukwenza ama-alloys nezinye izinsimbi.Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-alloys ethusi.Isibonelo, ithusi (80%Cu, 15%Sn, 5%Zn) liqinile, liqinile futhi kulula ukuliphonsa;ithusi (60%Cu, 40%Zn) isetshenziswa kakhulu.Isetshenziselwa ukwenza izingxenye zensimbi;i-curonickel (50% -70%Cu, 18%-20%Ni, 13%-15%Zn) isetshenziswa kakhulu njengethuluzi.

Ithusi nensimbi, i-manganese, i-molybdenum, i-boron, i-zinc, i-cobalt nezinye izakhi zingasetshenziswa njengomanyolo we-trace element.Izakhi zokulandelela zibalulekile emisebenzini evamile yokuphila kwezitshalo.Bangakwazi ukuthuthukisa umsebenzi wama-enzyme, bakhuthaze ukuhlanganiswa koshukela, isitashi, amaprotheni, ama-nucleic acid, amavithamini nama-enzyme, okuzuzisa ukukhula kwezitshalo.

I-Copper idlala indima ebalulekile ohlelweni lokuphila.Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-30 zamaprotheni nama-enzyme emzimbeni womuntu aqukethe ithusi.Manje sekuyaziwa ukuthi umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu wokuphila wethusi yi-ceruloplasmin ku-serum yomuntu, enomsebenzi wokuvuselela umzimba we-iron.I-Copper iphinde ikhulise amandla amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi okubhubhisa amagciwane futhi ithuthukise imiphumela yokwelapha yemithi ethile.Nakuba ithusi liyinto ebalulekile, uma lidliwe ngokweqile, lingabangela izifo ezihlukahlukene.

1. Ukusebenza

I-Copper inezakhiwo ezinhle zomzimba namakhemikhali ezifana nokuhamba kukagesi, ukuqhutshwa kwe-thermal, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye ne-ductility.I-conductivity kagesi kanye ne-thermal conductivity ingeyesibili kuphela kunesiliva, futhi ithusi elihlanzekile lingadonselwa ezintanjeni zethusi ezincane kakhulu ukuze zenze ama-foil ethusi amancane kakhulu.Ingxenye entsha yethusi ehlanzekile ibomvu, kodwa ngemva kokwakhiwa kwefilimu ye-copper oxide ebusweni, ukubukeka kubomvu, ngakho-ke kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ithusi elibomvu.

Ithusi ngaphandle kwethusi elimsulwa

, ithusi lingahlanganiswa ne-tin, i-zinc, i-nickel nezinye izinsimbi ukuze kuhlanganiswe ama-alloys anezici ezihlukahlukene, okuyithusi, ithusi ne-cupronickel.Uma i-zinc yengezwe ethusi elihlanzekile (99.99%), ibizwa ngokuthi ithusi.Isibonelo, amashubhu ajwayelekile ethusi aqukethe i-80% yethusi kanye ne-20% ye-zinc asetshenziswa kuma-condensers wezitshalo zamandla kanye nama-radiator emoto;ukwengeza i-nickel kubizwa ngethusi elimhlophe, okunye kubizwa ngethusi.Ngaphandle kwe-zinc ne-nickel, wonke ama-alloys ethusi anezinye izakhi zensimbi abizwa ngokuthi i-bronze, futhi yisiphi isici esingeziwe esibizwa ngokuthi yisiphi isici.Ama-bronze abaluleke kakhulu i-tin phosphor bronze kanye ne-beryllium bronze.Isibonelo, ithusi le-tin linomlando omude kakhulu wokusetshenziswa ezweni lami, futhi lisetshenziselwa ukuphonsa izinsimbi, ama-tripods, izinsimbi zomculo nezitsha zomhlatshelo.I-tin bronze ingasetshenziswa njengama-bearings, ama-bushings kanye nezingxenye zokugqoka, njll.

I-conductivity kagesi yethusi ehlanzekile ihlukile, futhi amandla nokumelana nokugqwala kwethusi kungathuthukiswa kakhulu nge-alloying.Amanye alawa ma-alloys awakwazi ukuguga futhi anezakhiwo ezinhle zokuphonsa, kanti amanye anezakhiwo ezingcono zemishini nokumelana nokugqwala.

2. Injongo

Ngenxa yokuthi ithusi linezindawo ezinhle kakhulu ezibalwe ngenhla, linokusetshenziswa okubanzi kwezimboni.Kubandakanya imboni kagesi, ukukhiqizwa kwemishini, ezokuthutha, ukwakhiwa nokunye.Njengamanje, ithusi lisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni izintambo, izintambo zokuxhumana neminye imikhiqizo eqediwe enjengamamotho kagesi, ama-rotor akhiqiza ama-generator nezinsimbi namamitha kagesi kulo mkhakha wemboni kagesi neye-elekthronikhi, ehlanganisa cishe ingxenye yengqikithi yezimboni. isidingo.Ama-alloys e-Copper ne-copper athatha isikhundla esibalulekile kuma-computer chips, ama-circuits ahlanganisiwe, ama-transistors, amabhodi wesekethe aphrintiwe kanye neminye imishini namadivayisi.Isibonelo, ukuhola kwe-transistor kusebenzisa i-alloy ye-chromium-zirconium-copper ene-conductivity ephezulu kagesi kanye ne-high conductivity eshisayo.Muva nje, inkampani yamakhompiyutha edume umhlaba wonke i-IBM ithathe ithusi ukuze ithathele i-aluminium esikhundleni sama-silicon chips, okuphawula impumelelo yakamuva ekusetshenzisweni kwensimbi endala kakhulu kubantu kubuchwepheshe be-semiconductor.