Ukuhlaziywa Kwesigaba 1 kanye Nesibikezelo Sesimo Semakethe Ye-Beryllium Ore

1. Uhlolojikelele lokuthuthukiswa kwezimakethe

I-Berryllium isetshenziswa kakhulu emishinini, ekufakweni kwezinsimbi, amathuluzi nakweminye imikhakha yezimboni kanye nakubunjiniyela bezintambo ezihamba ngaphansi kolwandle.Njengamanje, ukusetshenziswa kwe-beryllium ku-beryllium yethusi namanye ama-alloys aqukethe i-beryllium emhlabeni kudlule i-70% yesamba esisetshenziswa minyaka yonke sensimbi ye-beryllium.

Ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 yokuthuthukiswa nokwakhiwa, imboni ye-beryllium yezwe lami isisungule uhlelo oluphelele lwezimayini, i-beryllium, ukuncibilikisa kanye nokucubungula.Okukhiphayo kanye nezinhlobonhlobo ze-beryllium akuhlangabezani nezidingo zasekhaya kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuthekelisa inani elikhulu ukuze kuzuzele izwe imali yangaphandle.I-Berryllium idlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwezingxenye ezibalulekile zezikhali zenuzi zaseChina, ama-reactors enuzi, amasathelayithi kanye nemicibisholo.Insimbi yezwe lami yokukhipha i-beryllium, i-powder metallurgy kanye nobuchwepheshe bokucubungula konke sekufinyelele ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu.

2. Ukusabalalisa kanye nezici ze-beryllium ore

Kusukela ngo-1996, bekunezindawo zezimayini ezingama-66 ezinezinqolobane ezifakazelwe ze-beryllium ore, kanti izizinda ezigciniwe (BeO) zafinyelela kumathani angama-230,000, lapho izimboni zezimboni zibalelwa ku-9.3%.

izwe lami licebile ngemithombo ye-beryllium mineral, esatshalaliswa ezifundazweni eziyi-14 nasezifundeni ezizimele.Izinqolobane ze-beryllium zimi kanje: I-Xinjiang ibalwa ku-29.4%, i-Inner Mongolia ibala u-27.8% (ikakhulukazi i-beryllium ore ehlobene), i-Sichuan yenza u-16.9%, kanti i-Yunnan i-15.8%.89.9%.Kulandelwa iJiangxi, Gansu, Hunan, Guangdong, Henan, Fujian, Zhejiang, Guangxi, Heilongjiang, Hebei nezinye izifundazwe eziyi-10, ezibalelwa ku-10.1%.Izimbiwa ezimbiwa phansi iBeryl zisatshalaliswa kakhulu eXinjiang (83.5%) naseSichuan (9.6%), kanti isamba esingu-93.1% ezifundazweni ezimbili, ilandelwa yiGansu, Yunnan, Shaanxi, kanye neFujian, nesamba esingu-6.9% kuphela izifundazwe ezine.

Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-beryllium ore ngokwezifundazwe nangedolobha

Imithombo yamaminerali ye-beryllium ezweni lami inezici ezilandelayo eziyinhloko:

1) Ukusabalalisa kugxile kakhulu, okuhambisana nokwakhiwa kwezimayini ezinkulu, ukucubungula, kanye nezakhiwo ze-metallurgical.

2) Kukhona amadiphozithi e-ore ambalwa kanye namadiphozi ensimbi amaningi ahlobene, futhi inani eliphelele lokusebenzisa likhulu.Ukuhlolwa kwe-beryllium ore ezweni lami kubonisa ukuthi iningi lamadiphozithi e-beryllium amadiphozithi aphelele, futhi imali yawo egciniwe ihlotshaniswa kakhulu namadiphozithi ahlobene.Imithombo ye-beryllium ore yenza ama-48% ane-lithium, i-niobium ne-tantalum ore, ama-27% ane-ore yomhlaba engavamile, ama-20% ane-tungsten ore, kanye nenani elincane le-molybdenum, ithini, i-lead ne-zinc.Futhi ezinye izinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi kanye ne-mica, i-quartzite namanye amaminerali angenayo insimbi ahlotshaniswa.

3) Ibanga eliphansi kanye nezindawo zokugcina ezinkulu.Ngaphandle kwamadiphozithi ambalwa noma izingxenye ze-ore kanye nemizimba ye-ore yezinga eliphezulu, iningi lamadiphozithi e-beryllium ezweni lami lisezingeni eliphansi, ngakho-ke izinkomba zemboni yezimbiwa phansi ziphansi kakhulu, ngakho-ke imali egciniwe ibalwa ngezinkomba zezinga eliphansi ukuze zihlolwe. zinkulu kakhulu.

3. Isibikezelo sentuthuko

Ngokukhula kwesidingo semakethe yemikhiqizo yezimbiwa i-beryllium, amabhizinisi asekhaya aqinise kancane kancane ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bezimboni kanye nokwanda kwezinga lezimboni.Ekuseni kwangomhla zingama-29 kuJulayi, 2009, umcimbi wokuqalisa kweMayini ye-Yangzhuang Beryllium yase-Xinjiang CNNC kanye nokuphothulwa kweSigaba I nesigaba II se-Xinjiang Science and Technology R&D Centre of Nuclear Industry e-Urumqi.I-Xinjiang CNNC Yangzhuang Beryllium Mine ihlela ukutshala ama-yuan ayizigidi ezingu-315 ukuze kwakhiwe ibhizinisi lezwe elikhulu kunawo wonke elikhiqiza i-beryllium ore kanye nokucubungula.Iphrojekthi yemayini ye-beryllium e- Hebuxel Mongolia Autonomous County ixhaswe ngokuhlanganyela futhi yakhiwa yi-Xinjiang CNNC Dadi Hefeng Mining Co., Ltd., China Nuclear Industry Geology Bureau kanye ne-Nuclear Industry No. 216 Brigade.Ingene esigabeni sokuqala sokulungiselela.Ngemuva kokuthi iphrojekthi isiqediwe futhi iqale ukusebenza ngo-2012, izozuza imali yokuthengisa yonyaka engaphezu kwama-yuan ayizigidi ezingama-430.Kulindeleke ukuthi umthamo wezimayini we-beryllium ezweni lami uzokwanda ngokuzayo.

Ukukhiqizwa kwethusi kwe-beryllium kwasekhaya kukhulise ukutshalwa kwezimali.Iphrojekthi ethi "Ucwaningo Oluyinhloko Lobuchwepheshe Ngokunemba Okuphezulu, Ivolumu Enkulu kanye Nezinto Zethusi Ze-Beryllium Esindayo" eyenziwe yi-Ningxia CNMC Dongfang Group iphumelele ukubuyekezwa kochwepheshe okuhlelwe uMnyango Wezesayensi Nobuchwepheshe futhi yafakwa ku-Ministry of Science and Technology International ka-2009. Uhlelo lokubambisana kwezesayensi nezobuchwepheshe luthole uxhaso olukhethekile lwezigidi ezingu-4.15 zamayuan.Ngokusekelwe ekwethulweni kobuchwepheshe obuthuthukile bangaphandle kanye nochwepheshe bezinga eliphezulu, iphrojekthi yenza ucwaningo olubalulekile lobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo omusha njengokucushwa kwemishini, ukuncibilika kokuncibilika, ukusakaza okungaqhubekayo, ukwelashwa kokushisa, njll. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, ukwakha isilinganiso esikhulu. umthamo wokukhiqiza wokucaciswa okuhlukile kokunemba okuphezulu, ipuleti elisindayo levolumu enkulu kanye nomcu.

Ngokuya ngesidingo se-beryllium yethusi, amandla, ubulukhuni, ukumelana nokukhathala, ukuqhutshwa kukagesi kanye nokuqhutshwa kokushisa kwe-beryllium yethusi kudlula kude lezo zengxubevange yethusi evamile.Ingcono kune-aluminiyamu yethusi, futhi inokumelana nomthelela omuhle kanye nokunciphisa amandla.Ingot ayinakho ukucindezeleka okuyinsalela futhi ngokuyisisekelo iyafana.Iwumsebenzi wesakhiwo osetshenziswa kakhulu njengamanje, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi kwezokundiza, ukuhamba, imboni yezempi, imboni yezogesi kanye nemboni yenuzi.Kodwa-ke, izindleko zokukhiqiza eziphezulu ze-beryllium bronze zikhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwayo kabanzi embonini yabantu.Ngokuthuthuka kwemboni yezindiza kazwelonke neye-elekthronikhi, kukholakala ukuthi impahla izosetshenziswa kabanzi.

Abangaphakathi kwemboni bakholelwa ukuthi i-beryllium-copper alloy inezinzuzo eziningi ngaphezu kwamanye ama-alloys.Ithemba lentuthuko kanye nemakethe yochungechunge lwemikhiqizo iyathembisa, futhi ingaba yindawo entsha yokukhula komnotho kumabhizinisi angenawo ayoni.Isiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-beryllium-copper yaseChina: ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo omusha, ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi, ukwandisa isikali, ukonga amandla nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa.Izisebenzi zesayensi nezobuchwepheshe zemboni yethusi ye-beryllium yaseChina zenze ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa amashumi eminyaka, futhi zenze umsebenzi omningi wokuqamba izinto ngesisekelo socwaningo oluzimele lwesayensi.Ikakhulukazi esimweni sobuchwepheshe obumpofu kanye nemishini, ngomoya kazwelonke wokuzithuthukisa, ukuzikhandla, nokuqamba okusha okuqhubekayo, kukhiqizwa imikhiqizo yethusi ye-beryllium yekhwalithi ephezulu, eqinisekisa izidingo zempahla ye-beryllium yezimboni zezempi nezomphakathi.

Kusukela ekuhlaziyweni okungenhla, kungabonakala ukuthi eminyakeni embalwa ezayo, imayini ye-beryllium ore yezwe lami kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-beryllium ore kanye nesidingo kuzoba nokwanda okukhulu, futhi ithemba lemakethe libanzi kakhulu.

Ukuhlaziywa kweSigaba 2 kanye Nesibikezelo Sokuphuma Komkhiqizo We-Beryllium Ore Isigaba 3 Ukuhlaziywa kanye Nesibikezelo Sesidingo Semakethe Ye-Beryllium Ore

I-Beryllium isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ze-electronics, amandla e-athomu nezimboni ze-aerospace.I-beryllium bronze iyingxube yethusi equkethe i-beryllium, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwe-beryllium kubala u-70% wengqikithi yokusetshenziswa kwe-beryllium.
Ngokukhula okusheshayo kwezinsiza zolwazi nezokuxhumana ezifana nomakhalekhukhwini kanye nokuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemishini kagesi ezimotweni, isidingo se-beryllium copper alloy ductile materials sesifinyelele phezulu.Isidingo sensimbi eyenziwe ngethusi ye-beryllium sikhula ngokushesha.Ezinye, njengezindiza kanye nezingxenye zomshini wokushisela, amathuluzi okuphepha, izinto zokubumba insimbi, njll., nazo bezilokhu zifunwa kakhulu.

Eminyakeni yakamuva, ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwezimboni zezwe lami ze-electronics, imishini, amandla e-athomu kanye ne-aerospace, isidingo semakethe semikhiqizo ye-beryllium ore ezweni lami sikhule ngokushesha.Isidingo se-beryllium ore (ngokwe-beryllium) ezweni lami sikhuphuke sisuka kumathani angama-33.6 ngo-2003 saya kumathani angama-89.6 ngo-2009.

Isigaba sesi-3 Ukuhlaziywa kanye nesibikezelo sokusetshenziswa kwe-beryllium ore

1. Isimo samanje sokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo

Umkhiqizo we-beryllium ore, i-beryllium copper, ungumkhiqizo onokukhula ngokushesha kwesidingo sabathengi eminyakeni yamuva, okwamanje ehlanganisa i-70% yokusetshenziswa kwe-beryllium.Ukusetshenziswa kwe-beryllium yethusi kugxile kakhulu emikhakheni ye-electronics, i-aerospace, ibhomu le-athomu, nemishini.

Ngenxa yesisindo sayo esilula namandla aphezulu, i-beryllium okwamanje isetshenziswa emishinini eminingi yokubhuleka indiza ye-supersonic, ngoba inezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokumunca ukushisa nokukhipha ukushisa, futhi ukushisa okukhiqizwa ngesikhathi "sokubhuleka" kuzoqedwa ngokushesha.Lapho amasathelayithi omhlaba okwenziwa kanye nemikhumbi-mkhathi ihamba emkhathini ngesivinini esikhulu, ukungqubuzana phakathi komzimba nama-molecule omoya kuzodala izinga lokushisa eliphezulu.I-Berryllium isebenza "njengejazi labo lokushisa", elibamba ukushisa okuningi futhi likuhlakaze ngokushesha.

I-Beryllium yethusi inezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini kanye nobulukhuni obuthuthukisiwe, ngakho-ke okwamanje iyimpahla enhle kakhulu yokwenza iziqu zezinwele kanye nama-bearings anesivinini esikhulu kumawashi.

Isici esibaluleke kakhulu se-nickel equkethe i-beryllium bronze ukuthi ayinhlansi uma ishaywa.Lesi sici sibaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni amathuluzi akhethekile embonini yezempi, uwoyela nezimayini.Embonini yezokuvikela, i-beryllium bronze alloys nayo isetshenziswa ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile ezihambayo zama-aero-engines.

Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bomkhiqizo we-beryllium kanye nokwandiswa kwezinkambu zokufaka isicelo, ukusetshenziswa kwamanje kwemikhiqizo ye-beryllium kuyanda futhi.Imichilo yethusi ye-Berryllium ingasetshenziswa ukwenza oxhumana nabo be-electronic connector, ukushintsha othintana nabo, kanye nezingxenye ezibalulekile ezifana nama-diaphragm, ama-diaphragms, ama-bellows, ama-Spring washers, amabhulashi amancane nama-commutators, izixhumi zikagesi, izingxenye zewashi, izingxenye zomsindo, njll. esetshenziswa kumathuluzi, amathuluzi, amakhompyutha, izimoto, izinto zasendlini nezinye izimboni.

2. Amandla amakhulu okusetshenziswa esikhathini esizayo

Ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwemikhiqizo ye-beryllium kwenze imakethe yasekhaya iqhubeke nokwandisa isidingo sokusetshenziswa kwayo.izwe lami liqinise utshalomali kubuchwepheshe bezimayini ze-beryllium kanye nesikali sokukhiqiza ithusi se-beryllium.Esikhathini esizayo, ngokuthuthukiswa kwamandla okukhiqiza asekhaya, ithemba lokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo kanye nokusetshenziswa kuzoba nethemba elikhulu.

Isigaba 4 Ukuhlaziywa kwentengo ye-beryllium ore

Sekukonke, intengo yemikhiqizo yamaminerali e-beryllium iyanda, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yalezi zici ezilandelayo:

1. Ukusatshalaliswa kwezinsiza ze-beryllium kugxile kakhulu;

2. Amabhizinisi eBeryllium anomkhawulo, futhi amandla okukhiqiza asekhaya agxilile;

3. Eminyakeni yakamuva, isidingo semikhiqizo ye-beryllium emakethe yasekhaya sikhule ngokushesha, futhi ubudlelwano phakathi kokunikezwa komkhiqizo nokufunwa bushubile;

4. Ukukhuphuka kwentengo yamandla, abasebenzi kanye nemithombo yensimbi.

Intengo yamanje ye-beryllium yilezi: i-beryllium yensimbi 6,000-6,500 yuan/kg (i-beryllium ≥ 98%);high-purity beryllium oxide 1,200 yuan/kg;ingxubevange ye-beryllium yethusi yuan ayi-125,000/ton;i-beryllium aluminium alloy 225,000 yuan/ton;ingxubevange ye-beryllium yethusi (275C) 100,000 yuan/ton.

Ngokombono wentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo, njengomthombo wezimbiwa ongavamile, isici esiyingqayizivele somthombo wawo wamaminerali-umkhawulo, kanye nokukhula okusheshayo kwesidingo semakethe, nakanjani kuzoholela emananini entengo yomkhiqizo wesikhathi eside.

Isigaba 5 Ukuhlaziywa Kwevelu Yokungenisa Nokuthekelisa Ye-Berryllium Ore

imikhiqizo yamaminerali yezwe lami i-beryllium ithunyelwe emazweni ahlukahlukene eminyakeni yamuva nje.Ukuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo yasekhaya ikakhulukazi yimikhiqizo enenani eliphansi.

Ngokuphathelene nokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe, i-beryllium yethusi iyinkinga enkulu yezobuchwepheshe embonini ngenxa yobuchwepheshe bayo obuyinkimbinkimbi bokucubungula, imishini ekhethekile yokukhiqiza, ukukhiqiza okunzima kwezimboni kanye nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezobuchwepheshe.Njengamanje, izinto zokwakha ze-beryllium zethusi ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zezwe lami zincike kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe.Ukuthengwa kwemikhiqizo kwamanye amazwe ikakhulukazi kuvela ezinkampanini ezimbili, i-BrushWellman yase-United States kanye ne-NGK yase-Japan.

Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Lesi sihloko siwumbono wocwaningo lwemakethe kuphela lwe-China Economic and Technological Development, futhi asimeleli esinye isisekelo sokutshalwa kwezimali noma izindinganiso zokuqalisa nokunye ukuziphatha okuhlobene.Uma uneminye imibuzo, sicela ushayele ku-4008099707. Kuyashiwo lapha.