I-Beryllium, umxholo we-0.001% kwi-crust yomhlaba, iiminerali eziphambili ziyi-beryl, i-beryllium kunye ne-chrysoberyl.I-beryllium yendalo ine-isotopes ezintathu: i-beryllium-7, i-beryllium-8, kunye ne-beryllium-10.Iberyllium yintsimbi engwevu;indawo yokunyibilika i-1283 ° C, indawo yokubilisa i-2970 ° C, ubuninzi be-1.85 g / cm, i-beryllium ion radius 0.31 angstroms, encinci kakhulu kunezinye isinyithi.Iimpawu ze-beryllium: Iimpawu zeekhemikhali ze-beryllium ziyasebenza kwaye zinokwenza i-dense surface oxide layer protective.Nakubushushu obubomvu, iberyllium izinzile kakhulu emoyeni.I-Berryllium ayinakusabela kuphela nge-asidi edibeneyo, kodwa iphinde ichithe kwi-alkali enamandla, ibonisa i-amphoteric.I-oxides kunye ne-halides ye-beryllium ineempawu ezicacileyo, iikhompawundi ze-beryllium zichithwa ngokulula emanzini, kwaye i-beryllium inokwenza iipolymers kunye ne-covalent compounds kunye nokuzinza okucacileyo kwe-thermal.
I-Beryllium, njenge-lithium, iphinda yenza umaleko we-oxide okhuselayo, ngoko uzinzile emoyeni nangona ushushu obomvu.Ayinyibiliki emanzini abandayo, inyibilika kancinane emanzini ashushu, inyibilika kwi-dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute sulfuric acid kunye nepotassium hydroxide solution ukukhulula ihydrogen.I-Metal beryllium inokumelana nokugqwala okukhulu kwintsimbi ye-sodium engena-oksijini nakumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.I-Beryllium inesimo esihle se-2 ye-valence kwaye inokwenza iipolymers kunye neklasi ye-covalent compounds kunye nokuzinza okukhulu kwe-thermal.
IBeryllium kunye neekhompawundi zayo zinetyhefu kakhulu.Nangona iintlobo ezininzi ze-beryllium zifumaneka kwi-Earth's crust, inqabile kakhulu, yenza kuphela i-32nd yazo zonke izinto ezisemhlabeni.Umbala kunye nokubonakala kwe-beryllium yisilivere emhlophe okanye intsimbi engwevu, kunye nomxholo kwi-crust: 2.6 × 10%
Iimpawu zeekhemikhali ze-beryllium ziyasebenza, kwaye kukho iintlobo ezisi-8 ze-beryllium isotopes ezifunyenweyo: kuquka i-beryllium 6, i-beryllium 7, i-beryllium 8, i-beryllium 9, i-beryllium 10, i-beryllium 11, i-beryllium 12, i-beryllium 14 kuphela. I-9 izinzile, ezinye ii-Isotopes zi-radioactive.Kwindalo, ikhona kwi-beryl, i-beryllium kunye ne-chrysoberyl ore, kwaye i-beryllium isasazwa kwi-beryl kunye neliso lekati.Intsimbi ekrwada yeBeryllium ineentlobo ezininzi ezicacileyo, ezinemibala emihle kwaye iye yaba lelona litye lixabisekileyo ukususela kumaxesha amandulo.
Amatye anqabileyo abhalwe kumaxwebhu amandulo aseTshayina, anje nge-essence yekati, okanye ilitye lekati, iliso lekati, ne-opal, eyaziwa ngokuba yichrysoberyl ngabantu abaninzi, ezi ores zineberyllium zizinto ezahlukeneyo zeberyl.Inokufumaneka nge-electrolysis ye-beryllium chloride etyhidiweyo okanye i-beryllium hydroxide.
Iberyllium yococeko oluphezulu ikwangumthombo obalulekileyo weeneutron ezikhawulezayo.Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, kubaluleke kakhulu kuyilo lwezixhobo zokutshintsha ubushushu kwiireactors zenyukliya, umzekelo, isetyenziswa ikakhulu njengemodareyitha ye-neutron kwizixhobo zenyukliya.I-Beryllium i-alloys yobhedu isetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo ezingavelisi iintlantsi, njengeendawo eziphambili ezihamba phambili zee-aero-injini ezibalulekileyo, izixhobo ezichanekileyo, njl. Kuyafaneleka ukukhankanya ukuba i-beryllium ibe yinto ekhangayo yesakhiwo seenqwelomoya kunye nemijukujelwa ngenxa yokukhanya kwayo. ubunzima, imodyuli ephezulu yokuqina kunye nokuzinza okuhle kwe-thermal.Ngokomzekelo, kumajukujuku eeprojekthi ezimbini zeCassini Saturn probe neMars rover, iUnited States iye yasebenzisa inxalenye enkulu yentsimbi yeberyllium ukuze inciphise ubunzima.
Lumka ukuba i-beryllium inetyhefu.Ngokukodwa kuyo yonke i-cubic meter yomoya, ukuba nje imiligram enye yothuli lwe-beryllium inokubangela ukuba abantu bafumane inyumoniya ebukhali - isifo se-beryllium lung.ishishini lesinyithi lelizwe lam liye lanciphisa umxholo weberyllium kwi-cubic meter yomoya ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-1/100,000 gram, kwaye yayisombulula ngempumelelo ingxaki yokukhusela kwityhefu yeberyllium.
Ngapha koko, iikhompawundi ze-beryllium zinetyhefu ngakumbi kune-beryllium, kwaye iikhompawundi ze-beryllium zenza izinto ezinjengejeli enyibilikayo kwizicubu zezilwanyana kunye neplasma, ethi yona iphendule ngokwekhemikhali kunye ne-hemoglobin ukuvelisa into entsha eyenza izilonda ezahlukeneyo zenzeke kwizicubu kunye namalungu, kunye neberyllium. emiphungeni nasemathanjeni nako kunokubangela umhlaza.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-27-2022