I-Beryllium sisinyithi esibuthathaka esixhalabisa kakhulu kumagunya amakhulu omkhosi kwihlabathi.Emva kweminyaka engaphezu kwama-50 yophuhliso oluzimeleyo, ishishini leberyllium lelizwe lam liye laseka inkqubo yoshishino epheleleyo.Kwishishini le-beryllium, i-metal beryllium yeyona nto isetyenziswa kancinci kodwa ibaluleke kakhulu.Inezicelo ezingundoqo kwiinkalo zokhuselo lwesizwe, i-aerospace kunye neqhinga lenyukliya lamandla.Sisixhobo sobuchule nesibalulekileyo esinxulumene nokhuseleko lwesizwe;Elona xabiso likhulu yi-beryllium copper alloy, esetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zoshishino.I-United States ivala i-beryllium ecocekileyo kunye ne-beryllium ye-copper master alloys ukuya e-China.I-Beryllium yobhedu ialloy yi-alloy ye-alloy e-alloy engasebenzisi i-ferrous eneempawu ezigqibeleleyo ezibanzi, ezaziwa ngokuba yi "king of elasticity", enamandla amakhulu, ukuqina okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukuhanjiswa kombane okuphezulu, ukuguquguquka okuphezulu kwe-thermal, ukumelana nokudinwa, ukuxhathisa ukubola, ukuqina. Inokusebenza okugqwesileyo okunje nge-hysteresis encinci, i-non-magnetic, kwaye akukho ntlantsi xa ichaphazelekile.Ngoko ke, isicelo esiphambili se-beryllium yi-beryllium copper alloy, kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba i-65% ye-beryllium kwiimarike ikwimo ye-beryllium yobhedu.

1. Isishwankathelo soshishino lweberyllium lwangaphandle

Okwangoku, yi-United States kuphela, i-Kazakhstan kunye ne-China enenkqubo epheleleyo yoshishino ye-beryllium ukusuka kwimigodi ye-beryllium ore, i-metallurgy yokukhutshwa kwintsimbi ye-beryllium kunye nokusetyenzwa kwe-alloy kwinqanaba loshishino.Ishishini le-beryllium e-United States lelona likhulu kwihlabathi, elimele inqanaba leteknoloji yemveliso ye-beryllium, kwaye inenzuzo epheleleyo kwishishini lehlabathi le-beryllium, ekhokelayo kwaye ekhokelayo.I-United States ilawula urhwebo lwehlabathi kwishishini le-beryllium ngokunikezela nge-beryllium eluhlaza, egqityiweyo, kunye nemveliso egqityiweyo kubakhiqizi abaninzi bemveliso ye-beryllium emhlabeni jikelele, e-United States nakwamanye amazwe.I-Japan inqunyelwe ukungabikho kwezixhobo ze-beryllium ore kwaye ayinayo amandla e-chain chain chain, kodwa iteknoloji ehamba phambili ekuqhubeni kwesibini kwaye idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwishishini le-beryllium yehlabathi.
I-American Materion (eyayisakuba nguBrash Wellman) nguyena kuphela umenzi odibeneyo kwihlabathi onokuvelisa zonke iimveliso ze-beryllium.Kukho amacandelo amabini angundoqo.Enye i-subsidiary ivelisa i-beryllium alloys kwi-industrial field, i-beryllium i-copper alloy plates, imichilo, iingcingo, iityhubhu, iintonga, njl.;kunye nezixhobo ze-beryllium ze-optical-grade, kunye nexabiso eliphezulu le-beryllium-aluminium alloys kwizicelo ze-aerospace.I-NGK Corporation ngowona mvelisi wesibini omkhulu we-beryllium wobhedu emhlabeni, owawusakuba yi-NGK Metal Corporation.Yaqala ukuvelisa i-beryllium copper alloys kwi-1958 kwaye iyinkxaso-mali epheleleyo ye-NipponGaishi Co., Ltd. (NipponGaishi).Kwi-1986, i-Nippon Insulator Co., Ltd. ithenge isebe le-beryllium yobhedu ye-Cabot Corporation yase-United States kwaye yatshintsha igama layo kwi-NGK, ngaloo ndlela yenza imeko yokukhuphisana ne-Materion Corporation yase-United States kwintsimi ye-beryllium yobhedu.I-Obstruction Metals lelona lizwe lingenisa i-beryllium oxide elikhulu kumazwe angaphandle (eyona mithombo yongeniso iphambili yi-Materion e-United States kunye ne-Ulba Metallurgical Plant e-Kazakhstan).Umthamo wemveliso wonyaka we-NGK wobhedu we-beryllium uqikelelwa ukuba ungaphezu kweetoni ezingama-6,000.I-Urba Metallurgical Plant sesona sixhobo sokunyibilikisa nokusetyenzwa kweberyllium kwindawo eyayisakuba yiSoviet Union kwaye ngoku siyinxalenye yeKazakhstan.Ngaphambi kokuwa kweSoviet Union, ukuveliswa kwe-beryllium kwi-Urba Metallurgical Plant kwakuyimfihlo kwaye kuncinci okwaziwayo.Ngo-2000, i-Ulba Metallurgical Plant ifumene i-US $ 25 yezigidi zotyalo-mali kwinkampani yaseMelika iMaterion.I-Materion ibonelele nge-Ulba Metallurgical Plant ngemali yokuvelisa i-beryllium kwiminyaka emibini yokuqala, kwaye yahlaziywa izixhobo zayo kwaye yabonelela ngobuchwephesha obutsha.Ngembuyekezo, i-Urba Metallurgical Plant ibonelela ngokukhethekileyo iimveliso ze-beryllium kwi-Materion, ngokukodwa kuquka i-metallic beryllium ingots kunye ne-beryllium copper master alloys (unikezelo kude kube yi-2012).Ngo-2005, i-Urba Metallurgical Plant yagqiba esi sicwangciso sotyalo-mali seminyaka emi-5.Umthamo wonyaka wemveliso ye-Urba Metallurgical Plant yi-170-190 yeetoni zeemveliso ze-beryllium, umthamo wonyaka wemveliso ye-beryllium ye-copper master alloy yi-3000 yeetoni, kwaye umthamo wonyaka wemveliso ye-beryllium yobhedu i-alloy yi-3000 tons.Umthamo wemveliso wonyaka weemveliso ufikelela kwiitoni ezili-1,000.I-Wuerba Metallurgical Plant yatyala imali yaza yaseka inkampani encedisayo e-Shanghai, e-China: iWuzhong Metallurgical Products (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., enoxanduva lokungenisa, ukuthumela ngaphandle, ukuthumela ngaphandle kunye nokuthengisa iimveliso zeberyllium zenkampani e-China, eMpuma Asia. , Southeast Asia kunye neminye imimandla.Emva kweminyaka yophuhliso, i-Wuzhong Metallurgical Products (i-Shanghai) Co., Ltd. iye yaba yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zabathengisi be-beryllium master copper alloys e-China, e-East Asia kunye ne-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia.Kwilizwe laseTshayina, ithathe ngaphezulu kwe-70% yesabelo semarike kwindawo ephezulu.

2. Imeko ngokubanzi yoshishino lwesizwe lweberyllium
Emva kwamashumi eminyaka yophuhliso, ishishini leberyllium laseTshayina lenze inkqubo yoshishino epheleleyo ukusuka kwimigodi yentsimbi, ukutsalwa kwesinyithi ukuya kwintsimbi yeberyllium kunye nokusetyenzwa kwealloyi.Iimveliso eziphambili zemarike okwangoku zisasazwa kwikhonkco loshishino lwe-beryllium ziquka: i-beryllium compounds, i-beryllium yensimbi, i-beryllium alloys, i-beryllium oxide ceramics kunye ne-metal beryllium-based composite materials.Amashishini amakhulu aquka amashishini karhulumente afana neDongfang Tantalum kunye neMinmetals Beryllium, kunye namashishini amancinci abucala.Kwi-2018, i-China yavelisa iitoni ezingama-50 ze-beryllium ecocekileyo.I-United States ivala i-beryllium yentsimbi kunye ne-beryllium master alloys e-China.Eyona nto incinci kodwa ibaluleke kakhulu kwi-industrial chain yi-metal beryllium.I-metal beryllium isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwimimandla yokhuselo lwesizwe, i-aerospace kunye nezixhobo zobuchule, kwaye esona sicelo sibalulekileyo sokhuselo lwesizwe sikwimijukujelwa yobuchule yenyukliya.Ukongeza, ikwabandakanya iinxalenye zesakhelo sesathelayithi kunye namalungu olwakhiwo, imizimba yesipili sesathelayithi, imilomo yerokhethi, iigyroscopes kunye namacandelo okulawula izixhobo, ukupakishwa kwe-elektroniki, iinkqubo zonxibelelwano lwedatha kunye nemibutho yesipili yeelaser ezinamandla amakhulu;Iberyllium yodidi lwenyukliya ikwasetyenziselwa uPhando/yokulinga ukuqhekeka kwenyukliya kunye nezixhobo zokudibanisa.Ixabiso elikhulu kwikhonkco loshishino yi-beryllium copper alloy.Ngokwezibalo, ngaphezu kwe-80% ye-beryllium hydroxide isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-beryllium copper master alloy (4% umxholo we-beryllium).I-alloy yomama ihlanjululwe ngobhedu olucocekileyo ukuvelisa i-beryllium-alloys yobhedu kunye nomxholo we-beryllium we-0.1 ~ 2% kunye namacandelo ahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeprofayili ze-beryllium-copper alloy (imivalo, imicu, iipleyiti, iingcingo, imibhobho), ukugqiba amashishini ezi profayili ukucubungula amacandelo asetyenziswa kwiinkalo zoshishino ezifana nombane wabathengi.Imveliso ye-beryllium-copper alloy ihlulwe ngokubanzi ibe ngamacandelo amabini: phezulu kunye nezantsi.Umsinga ongasentla kukumbiwa kwentsimbi, ukutsalwa kunye nokunyibilikiswa kwi-beryllium equlethe i-beryllium-copper master alloy (umxholo we-beryllium ngokubanzi yi-4%);Umzantsi yiberyllium-copper master alloy njengesidibanisi, yongeza ubhedu Ukunyibilikiswa ngakumbi kunye nokulungiswa kwiprofayili yealloyi yobhedu yeberyllium (iityhubhu, imicu, iintonga, iingcingo, iipleyiti, njl. njl.), imveliso yealloyi nganye iya kwahlulwa ngokwemigangatho eyahlukeneyo ngenxa ukungakwazi ukwenza.

3. Isishwankathelo
Kwimarike ye-beryllium ye-copper master alloy, amandla okuvelisa agxininiswe kwiinkampani ezimbalwa, kwaye i-United States ilawula.Umda weteknoloji yokuvelisa i-beryllium copper alloy iphezulu, kwaye yonke imboni igxininiswe.Kukho ababoneleli abambalwa kuphela okanye umenzi omkhulu omnye wohlobo ngalunye olwahluliweyo okanye udidi.Ngenxa yokunqongophala kwezixhobo kunye nobuchwephesha obuphambili, i-US Materion ikwindawo ephambili, i-NGK yaseJapan kunye ne-Urbakin Metallurgical Plant yaseKazakhstan nazo zinamandla awomeleleyo, kwaye amashishini asekhaya asemva ngokupheleleyo.Kwimarike yeprofayili yobhedu ye-beryllium, iimveliso zasekhaya zigxininiswe kwintsimi ephakathi ukuya kwi-low-end, kwaye kukho enye imfuno enkulu kunye nendawo yexabiso kwimarike ephakathi ukuya phezulu.Ingaba i-beryllium-copper alloy okanye i-beryllium-copper alloy profiles, amashishini asekhaya asekwinqanaba lokubambisa, kwaye iimveliso ziphezulu kwimarike ephantsi, kwaye ixabiso lihlala lisiqingatha okanye lingaphantsi kunelo iimveliso eUnited States naseJapan.Isizathu sisasikelwe ukuzinza kweteknoloji yokunyibilikisa kunye nenkqubo.Lo mbandela uthetha ukuba kwimeko yeendleko eziphantsi zemveliso yasekhaya kunye nemveliso, ukuba iteknoloji ethile ye-beryllium yokunyibilikisa i-copper smelting okanye idibaniswe, imveliso kulindeleke ukuba ingene kwimarike ephakathi kunye nenzuzo yexabiso.I-beryllium ecocekileyo ephezulu (99.99%) kunye ne-beryllium-copper master alloys zizinto ezingundoqo ezithintelwe yi-United States ekuthumeleni ngaphandle kwe-China.