Njengoko sonke sisazi, ilizwe lam linendawo enkulu eyongamileyo kwibala lemihlaba enqabileyo.Nokuba nguvimba okanye imveliso, yiNombolo ye-1 yehlabathi, ibonelela nge-90% yeemveliso zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kwihlabathi.Isixhobo sesinyithi endifuna ukukwazisa ngaso namhlanje sisixhobo esichaneke kakhulu kwindawo ye-aerospace kunye neshishini lomkhosi, kodwa imveliso enkulu yehlabathi kunye noovimba bahlala eUnited States, kwaye imveliso yelizwe lam yasekhaya ayinakuhlangabezana nemfuno. ngoko ke kufuneka ithathwe kumazwe angaphandle.Ngoko ke, luhlobo luni lobutyebi bentsimbi?Lo ngumgodi we-beryllium owaziwa ngokuba "ulele kwi-beryl".

Iberyllium yintsimbi engwevu-mhlophe engeyontsimbi eyafunyanwa kwi-beryl.Ngaphambili, ukubunjwa kwe-beryl (i-beryllium aluminium silicate) ngokuqhelekileyo ithathwa njenge-aluminium silicate.Kodwa ngo-1798, isazi samachiza saseFransi u-Walkerland safumanisa ngokuhlalutya ukuba i-beryl nayo iqulethe into engaziwayo, kwaye le nto ingaziwayo yayiyi-beryllium.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ilizwe lam lenze impumelelo eqhubekayo kwiprojekthi "yelanga eyenziweyo", eye yazisa le nto encinci yentsimbi kwiliso loluntu.Sonke siyazi ukuba ubushushu be-plasma obuveliswa yi-thermonuclear fusion "yelanga lokufakelwa" budlula i-100 yezigidi ze-degrees Celsius.Nokuba ezi ion zobushushu obuphezulu zinqunyanyisiwe kwaye zingadibani nodonga lwangaphakathi lwegumbi lokuphendula, udonga lwangaphakathi lufuneka ukuba lumelane nobushushu obuphezulu kakhulu.

"Udonga lokuqala lwelanga elenziwe ngokwenziwa" ngokuzimeleyo luphuhliswe zizazinzulu zaseTshayina, olujonge ngqo kudonga lwangaphakathi lwemathiriyeli yobushushu obuphezulu, lwenziwe ngeberyllium yococeko oluphezulu, enefuthe elingaqhelekanga lokugquma ubushushu kunye novavanyo lokudityaniswa kweThermonuclear. ukwakha "firewall".Ngenxa yeepropathi ezilungileyo zenyukliya zeberyllium, ikwadlala iindima ezininzi ezibalulekileyo kushishino lwamandla enyukliya, njengokusebenza “njengemodareyitha yenyutroni” yezixhobo zenyukliya ukuqinisekisa ukuqhekeka kwenyukliya okuqhelekileyo;usebenzisa i-beryllium oxide ukwenza i-neutron reflectors, njl.

Enyanisweni, i-beryllium "ayiphinda isetyenziswe" kwishishini lenyukliya kuphela, kodwa kunye nezinto ezichanekileyo eziphezulu kwi-aerospace kunye nemboni yezempi.Uyazi, i-beryllium yenye yeentsimbi ezikhaphukhaphu ezinqabileyo, ezinothotho lweempawu ezigqwesileyo, ezifana noxinzelelo oluphantsi, indawo ephezulu yokunyibilika, i-thermal conductivity elungileyo, ukukhanya okuhle kukukhanya kwe-infrared, njl. Ezi zakhiwo zibalaseleyo zenza ukuba isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwi-aerospace kwaye amashishini omkhosi.uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo.

Thatha i-spacecraft njengomzekelo, isalathisi "sokunciphisa ubunzima" sinzima kakhulu.Njengentsimbi ekhaphukhaphu, iberyllium ayixinene kangako kunealuminiyam kwaye yomelele kunentsimbi.Isetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni izakhelo ezisisiseko kunye nemiqadi yeesathelayithi ezenziweyo kunye neziphekepheke.Iikholamu kunye neetrasi ezisisigxina, njl.njl. Kuyaqondwa ukuba inqwelomoya enkulu nayo inamawaka eenxalenye ezenziwe nge-beryllium alloy.Ukongezelela, isinyithi se-beryllium sikwasetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweenkqubo zokuhamba nge-inertial kunye neenkqubo zokukhanya.Ngamafutshane, i-beryllium iye yaba yinto efunekayo kwaye ibalulekile kwiimveliso ezininzi zobugcisa obuphezulu.

Ekuboneleleni kwesi sixhobo esibalulekileyo sesinyithi, iUnited States inenzuzo enkulu.Ngokombono wogcino, ngokwedatha ekhutshwe yi-US Geological Survey, ukususela ngo-2016, iindawo zokugcina i-beryllium zehlabathi zaziyi-100,000 yeetoni, apho i-United States ineetoni ezingama-60,000, ezibalelwa kwi-60% yogcino lwehlabathi.Ngokuphathelele imveliso, iUnited States iseyeyona inkulu ehlabathini.Ngo-2019, imveliso ye-beryllium yehlabathi yayiziitoni ezingama-260, apho i-United States yavelisa iitoni ezili-170, ibalwa malunga ne-65% yehlabathi lilonke.

Imveliso yelizwe lethu iliqhezu nje le-United States, kwiitoni ezingama-70, ezinganelanga ukuba sizisebenzise.Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwe-aerospace yelizwe lam, amandla enyukliya kunye nezixhobo zombane kunye namanye amashishini, ukusetyenziswa kwe-beryllium kuye kwanda kakhulu.Umzekelo, ngo-2019, imfuno yelizwe lam yeberyllium ifikelele kwiitoni ezingama-81.8, ukonyuka kweetoni ezingama-23.4 kunyaka ophelileyo.

Ngoko ke, imveliso yasekhaya ayinakuhlangabezana nemfuno, kwaye kufuneka ixhomekeke ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe.Phakathi kwabo, ngo-2019, ilizwe lam langenisa iitoni ezili-11.8 ze-beryllium engakhange isebenze, isixa-mali esisi-8.6836 sezigidi zeedola zaseMelika.Kungenxa kanye ngenxa yokunqongophala kwe-beryllium ukuba izixhobo ze-beryllium zelizwe lam ngoku zibonelelwa ngokukhethekileyo emkhosini kunye ne-aerospace.

Unokucinga ukuba ekubeni imveliso ye-beryllium e-United States iphezulu kakhulu, kufuneka ithunyelwe e-China nakwezinye iimarike ngobuninzi.Enyanisweni, njengelona lizwe liphuhlileyo ehlabathini, iUnited States kudala yaseka inkqubo epheleleyo yoshishino yokwembiwa kwe-beryllium ore, ukutsalwa kunye nokunyibilikiswa kwintsimbi yeberyllium kunye ne-alloy processing.I-beryllium ore eyimbayo ayiyi kuthunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle ngokuthe ngqo njengamanye amazwe asekelwe kubutyebi.

I-United States ide ifune ukungenisa eKazakhstan, eJapan, eBrazil nakwamanye amazwe, ngokuqhubekela phambili kwimveliso egqityiweyo okanye esulungekisiweyo, inxalenye yayo iya kusetyenziswa ngokwayo, kwaye ezinye ziya kuthunyelwa kumazwe aphuhlileyo ukwenza okuninzi. yemali.Phakathi kwabo, inkampani yaseMelika iMaterion inezwi elikhulu kwishishini le-beryllium.Nguye kuphela umenzi emhlabeni onokuvelisa zonke iimveliso ze-beryllium.Iimveliso zayo azihlangabezi kuphela imfuno yasekhaya e-United States, kodwa zibonelela ngawo onke amazwe asentshona.

Kakade ke, akuyomfuneko ukuba sikhathazeke “ngokuxinga” yi-United States kushishino lweberyllium.Uyazi, i-China kunye neRashiya ikwangamazwe anenkqubo epheleleyo ye-beryllium yoshishino ukongeza e-United States, kodwa iteknoloji yangoku isengaphantsi kancinane kune-United States.Kwaye ngokwembono yogcino, nangona izixhobo ze-beryllium zaseTshayina azikho zikhulu njengezo zase-United States, zisezizityebi.Ngo-2015, ilizwe lam elibhengezwe koovimba abasisiseko bemithombo ye-beryllium yafikelela kwiitoni ezingama-39,000, ikwindawo yesibini kwihlabathi.Nangona kunjalo, i-beryllium ore yelizwe lam ikumgangatho ophantsi kwaye ixabisa kakhulu ixabiso lemigodi, ngoko ke imveliso ayikwazi ukuhambelana nemfuno, kwaye enye ithunyelwa ngaphandle.

Okwangoku, iZiko laseMntla-ntshona leZizinto zeMetal ezinqabileyo kuphela kwe-beryllium yophando kunye nesiseko sokucubungula kwilizwe lam, kunye neteknoloji ye-R & D ehamba phambili kunye nomthamo wemveliso.Kukholelwa ukuba ngokuphumelela okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bayo, imboni yelizwe lam i-beryllium iya kuthi ngokuthe ngcembe ifikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu lehlabathi.