Umahluko phakathi kobhedu kunye nobhedu

Ubhedu lubizwa ngokuba nombala ozuba, kwaye ubhedu luthiywe ngombala walo omthubi.Ngoko ke ngokusisiseko umbala unokwahlulwa ngokuthe ngqo.Ukwahlulwa ngokungqongqo, uhlalutyo lwe-metallographic luyafuneka.

Umbala oluhlaza obumnyama owukhankanyileyo usengumbala womhlwa, hayi owona mbala wobhedu.

Oku kulandelayo kwazisa ulwazi olusisiseko lweealloyi zethusi:

ingxubevange yobhedu

Ii-alloys zobhedu zenziwe ngokudibanisa izinto ezithile zokuxuba (ezifana ne-zinc, i-tin, i-aluminium, i-beryllium, i-manganese, i-silicon, i-nickel, i-phosphorus, njl.) kwi-copper ecocekileyo.I-alloys ye-Copper ine-conductivity elungileyo yombane, i-thermal conductivity kunye nokumelana nokugqwala, kunye namandla aphezulu kunye nokumelana nokugqoka.

Ngokuxhomekeke ekubunjweni, ii-alloys zobhedu zihlulwe zibe ngobhedu kunye nobhedu.

1. I-Brass yi-alloy yobhedu ene-zinc njengeyona nto i-alloying element.Ngokutsho kokwakhiwa kweekhemikhali, ubhedu luhlukaniswe ngobhedu oluqhelekileyo kunye nobhedu olukhethekileyo.

(1) Ubhedu oluqhelekileyo Ubhedu oluqhelekileyo luyi-binary alloy ye-copper-zinc.Ngenxa yeplastiki yayo efanelekileyo, ifanelekile ukuveliswa kwamacwecwe, imivalo, iingcingo, imibhobho kunye neendawo ezinzulu zokuzoba, njengemibhobho ye-condenser, imibhobho yokupholisa kunye namalungu omatshini kunye nombane.Ubhedu olunomlinganiselo wobhedu ophakathi kwama-62% kunye nama-59% nawo angaphoswa kwaye abizwe ngokuba yibrasi etyhidiweyo.

(2) Ubhedu obukhethekileyo Ukuze ufumane amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuphosa, i-aluminium, i-silicon, i-manganese, i-lead, i-tin kunye nezinye izinto zongezwa kwi-alloy yobhedu-zinc ukwenza ubhedu obukhethekileyo.Okufana nobhedu olukhokelayo, ubhedu lwetin, ubhedu lwe-aluminium, ubhedu lwesilicon, ubhedu lwemanganese, njl.

Ubhedu olukhokelayo lunomsebenzi oncomekayo wokusika kunye nokunganyangeki kakuhle, kwaye lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekwenzeni iindawo zokubukela, kwaye luphonswe ukwenza amahlahla okuthwala kunye namatyholo.

Ubhedu lwenkcenkce lunokumelana kakuhle nokugqwala kwaye lusetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni iinxalenye zeenqanawa zaselwandle.

I-aluminium kwi-aluminium yobhedu inokuphucula amandla kunye nobunzima bobhedu kwaye iphucule ukuxhathisa kwayo kwi-corrosion emoyeni.I-aluminiyam yobhedu isetyenziselwa ukwenza iindawo ezikwaziyo ukumelana nomhlwa.

I-silicon kwi-silicon yobhedu inokuphucula iipropathi zoomatshini, ukuxhathisa ukunxiba kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola kobhedu.Ubhedu lwesilicon lusetyenziswa ikakhulu ukwenza iinxalenye zaselwandle kunye neenxalenye zoomatshini beekhemikhali.

ubhedu

Ubhedu lubhekisa kwialloyi yobhedu, kodwa ishishini lisetyenziselwa ukubiza iialloyi zobhedu eziqulathe ialuminiyam, isilicon, ilothe, beryllium, manganese, njalo njalo nobhedu, ngoko ke ubhedu lubandakanya ubhedu lwetin, ubhedu lwe-aluminium, ubhedu lwe-aluminium, ubhedu lwe-beryllium, i-silicon yobhedu, ubhedu olulothekileyo, njl.

(1) Inkcenkce yobhedu Ingxubevange yobhedu enenkcenkce njengoko eyona nto iphambili yokuhlanganisa ibizwa ngokuba yintsimbi yobhedu.Uninzi lwebronzi yenkcenkce esetyenziswa kwishishini inomthamo wetoti phakathi kwe-3% kunye ne-14%.I-bronze ye-tin enomxholo we-tin engaphantsi kwe-5% ifanelekile ekusebenzeni okubandayo;ubhedu lwe-tin kunye nomxholo we-tin we-5% ukuya kwi-7% ifanelekile ekusebenzeni okushushu;ubhedu lwe-tin kunye nomxholo we-tin ngaphezu kwe-10% ifanelekile ukuphosa.Ubhedu lwe-tin lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kulwakhiwo lweenqanawa, kushishino lweekhemikhali, oomatshini, izixhobo kunye namanye amashishini.Isetyenziswa ikakhulu ukwenza iindawo ezikwaziyo ukumelana nokunxiba njengeebheringi kunye nezihlahla, izinto ezilastiki ezifana nemithombo, kunye ne-anti-corrosion kunye ne-anti-magnetic parts.

(2) I-aluminium yobhedu esekelwe kwi-alloy ene-aluminiyam njengeyona nto idibanisayo ibizwa ngokuba yi-aluminium bronze.Iimpawu ze-mechanical ze-aluminium bronze ziphezulu kunezobhedu kunye ne-tin bronze.Umxholo we-aluminiyam we-aluminiyam ye-aluminiyam esebenzayo iphakathi kwe-5% kunye ne-12%, kunye ne-aluminium yobhedu enomxholo we-aluminium we-5% ukuya kwi-7% ine-plasticity engcono kwaye ifanele ukusebenza okubandayo.Xa umxholo we-aluminium mkhulu kune-7% ukuya kwi-8%, amandla ayanda, kodwa iplastiki iyancipha ngokukhawuleza, ngoko isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-state-cast-cast okanye emva kokusebenza okushushu.Ukunganyangeki kwe-abrasion kunye nokunganyangeki kwe-aluminiyam yobhedu kwi-atmosfera, amanzi olwandle, amanzi olwandle i-carbonic acid kunye ne-organic acids ezininzi ziphezulu kunezobhedu kunye ne-tin bronze.I-aluminiyam yobhedu inokuvelisa iigiya, iibhutsi, iigiya zeentshulube kunye nezinye iindawo ezikwaziyo ukumelana nokuqina okuphezulu kunye nezinto ezilastiki ezinokumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu.

(3) Iberyllium yobhedu Ingxubevange yobhedu eneberyllium njengesisiseko ibizwa ngokuba yiberyllium bronze.Umxholo we-beryllium we-beryllium bronze yi-1.7% ukuya kwi-2.5%.Ibheryllium yobhedu inomda ophezulu weelastiki kunye nomda wokudinwa, ukuxhathisa okugqwesileyo kokunxiba kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola, ukuhanjiswa kakuhle kombane kunye nokuhanjiswa kwe-thermal, kwaye ikwanoncedo lwe-non-magnetic, akukho ntlantsi xa ichaphazelekile.I-bronze ye-beryllium isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukwenza imithombo ebalulekileyo yezixhobo ezichanekileyo, izixhobo zewashi, iibheringi kunye ne-bushings esebenza phantsi kwesantya esiphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu, kunye ne-electrode yomatshini we-welding, izixhobo zobungqina bokuqhuma, iikhampasi ze-nautical kunye nezinye iindawo ezibalulekileyo.