Ishishini lokulungisa ubhedu lijongene neengxaki ezine ezinkulu

(1) Ulwakhiwo lweshishini kufuneka luphuculwe, kwaye iimveliso ziyasilela ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zentengiso kwintsimi yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu

Inani elikhulu kunye nesikali esincinci samashishini okwenziwa kobhedu eTshayina kubangela ukunqongophala kolawulo olusebenzayo kunye nokuziphatha ngaphakathi koshishino, okukhokelela ekugqithiseni kunye nokhuphiswano oluqatha lweemveliso eziqhelekileyo kushishino lwelizwe lam, kodwa iimveliso eziphezulu zisaxhomekeke ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe.

Iimpawu eziphezulu zeemveliso ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zibonakaliswa ikakhulu kwiinkalo ezimbini: enye ichanekileyo yokucubungula okuphezulu, kwaye enye kukuba izinto eziphathekayo azikwazi ukuveliswa eChina ngenxa yokukhawulelana neteknoloji yelungelo lomenzi.Ke ngoko, umgaqo-nkqubo woshishino woshishino lwaseTshayina wokwenza ubhedu ukhuthaza uphuhliso lweemveliso ezintsha kunye nezinto ezintsha, usombulula ngokusisiseko iingxaki zezinto kunye neenkqubo, uphucula ubume bemveliso yolu shishino, kwaye uyahlangabezana neemfuno zemimandla yobugcisa obuphezulu njenge-aerospace, Ukhuselo lwesizwe kunye neshishini lomkhosi, kunye neshishini lolwazi lwe-elektroniki.Isidingo sokwenza iimveliso ezinzulu.

(2) Amandla e-R&D ewonke kwishishini kufuneka aqiniswe

Ushishino lwasekhaya lokwenziwa kobhedu lufumene iziphumo ezithile kumacandelo amandla aphezulu kunye ne-high-conductivity alloys yobhedu, iialloyi zobhedu ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo, kunye nemibhobho yobushushu esebenza kakuhle kakhulu, kwaye iye yaba yeyona ndlela iphambili enenzuzo yokuthunyelwa kwentonga yobhedu.Nangona kunjalo, kwii-alloys zobhedu ezisebenzayo, izinto ezixutywe ngobhedu kunye nezinye izinto ezintsha I-gap phakathi kwemimandla yophando lwe-cutting-edge yase-China kunye nabavelisi abaqhelekileyo bamazwe ngamazwe isabonakala.

(3) Ugxininiso lweshishini kufuneka luphuculwe, kwaye ishishini elikhokelayo lokwenziwa kobhedu alikasekwa.

Ngokwezibalo, kukho amashumi amawaka amashishini okulungisa ubhedu eChina, kodwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku akukho namnye kuwo onokukhuphisana namashishini aphambili ehlabathi kushishino olufanayo ngokwamandla abanzi, kwaye kukho umsantsa omkhulu ngokubhekiselele kwisikali semveliso. , inqanaba lolawulo kunye namandla emali.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ixabiso eliphezulu lobhedu linyuse uxinzelelo lwemali yokuhlawula amatyala kunye neendleko zokusebenza zamashishini kumashishini.

(4) Inzuzo yexabiso eliphantsi iyalahleka ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye ijongene nokhuphiswano oluqatha

Xa kuthelekiswa neemveliso ezifanayo kwamanye amazwe, ngenxa yeendleko eziphantsi zabasebenzi, iindleko zamandla kunye neendleko zotyalo-mali, iimveliso zobhedu lwelizwe lam zinenzuzo yeendleko eziphantsi.Nangona kunjalo, olu ncedo lukhuphisanayo lwamashishini okwenziwa kobhedu kwilizwe lam luya kulahleka ngokuthe ngcembe.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iindleko zabasebenzi kunye neendleko zamandla ziye zanda ngokuthe ngcembe;kwelinye icala, ekubeni ishishini lokwenziwa kobhedu lishishini elinemali enkulu, ukuphuculwa kwezixhobo kunye nobuchwepheshe, kunye nokunyuka okuqhubekayo kwe-R&D utyalo-mali kuye kwacinezela iindleko zabasebenzi kunye neendleko zamandla kwiindleko zokuvelisa.umlinganiselo.

Ke ngoko, inzuzo enexabiso eliphantsi yoshishino lobhedu lwaseTshayina iya kulahleka ngokuthe ngcembe.Ejongene nokhuphiswano lwamashishini ngamazwe kushishino olufanayo, amashishini processing ubhedu ilizwe lam akukayifumani iingenelo zabo kuphando kunye nophuhliso, isikali imveliso, isakhiwo imveliso, njl Ngeli xesha, intsimi yemveliso yobhedu eqhelekileyo kunye nesiphelo esisezantsi. izakujongana nokhuphiswano oluqatha.

Ithemba lophuhliso lweshishini lokulungisa ubhedu

1. Umgaqo-nkqubo ulungele uphuhliso lweshishini lokwenziwa kobhedu

Ishishini lokulungisa ubhedu lishishini elikhuthazwayo ukuba liphuhlise kwilizwe lam kwaye lixhaswa kakhulu yimigaqo-nkqubo yelizwe.IBhunga likaRhulumente, iKomishoni yoPhuhliso kunye noHlaziyo lweSizwe, iSebe lezeNzululwazi kunye neTekhnoloji, iSebe lezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi, kunye nemibutho yoshishino baye baqulunqa ngokulandelelana imigaqo-nkqubo efana ne "Izimvo eziKhokelayo ekudaleni iNdawo eLungileyo yeMarike ukuze iKhuthaze. uShishino lweZinyithi ezingenayo i-ferrous ukulungisa uLwakhiwo, ukukhuthaza iNguqu kunye nokwandisa iNzuzo” ukuxhasa uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lweshishini lokulungisa ubhedu kunye nokukhuthaza iimveliso zokwenziwa kobhedu.Ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo kunika isiqinisekiso somgaqo-nkqubo othe ngqo kuphuhliso lwamashishini kwishishini, kunye nethemba lophuhliso loshishino lobhedu lukhanya.

2. Uphuhliso oluzinzileyo noluzinzileyo loqoqosho lwesizwe luqhuba ukukhula okuthe gqolo komlinganiselo woshishino lokwenziwa kobhedu.

I-Copper yintsimbi ebalulekileyo yoshishino, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuhambelana ngokusondeleyo nokukhula koqoqosho.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukusetyenziswa kobhedu kuye kwakhula ngokuthe ngcembe ngokukhula kwe-GDP.Idatha evela kwi-National Bureau of Statistics ibonisa ukuba kwiikota ezintathu zokuqala ze-2021, i-gross yemveliso yangaphakathi yi-82,313.1 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka nge-9.8% ngamaxabiso athelekisekayo, kunye ne-avareji yeminyaka emibini yokukhula kwe-5.2%. .Uphuhliso loqoqosho lwaseTshayina olukumgangatho ophezulu lunokomelela.Kulindeleke ukuba ngophuhliso lwamashishini asakhasayo anobuchule afana nesizukulwana esitsha solwazi lwe-elektroniki, izithuthi zamandla amatsha, ukwenziwa kwezixhobo eziphezulu, ukugcinwa kwamandla kunye nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo, imfuno yokusetyenziswa kobhedu iya kugcina ukukhula okuthile, iqhube ukukhula okuqhubekayo. yoshishino lokwenziwa kobhedu.

3. Ukuqhubela phambili kweteknoloji yokucubungula ubhedu kukhuthaza ukunyuka kweemveliso zobhedu zasekhaya

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, inqanaba lobugcisa lamashishini okulungisa ubhedu kwilizwe lam liye laphuculwa ngokuqhubekayo.Okwangoku, izixhobo kunye neteknoloji yokuvelisa yamashishini eklasi yokuqala yasekhaya iye yafikelela kwinqanaba elihamba phambili lamazwe ngamazwe.Phakathi kwezinto zokucutshungulwa kobhedu, imibhobho yobhedu iye yaguqulwa isuka kwi-net yokungenisa ukuya kumazwe angaphandle, kwaye ezinye iimveliso zobhedu ziye zaqalisa ukutshintsha iimveliso eziphuma kumazwe angaphandle ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nezasekhaya.Kwixesha elizayo, uphuculo oluqhubekayo lwenqanaba lobugcisa boshishino lokucutshungulwa kobhedu luya kukhuthaza amashishini kushishino ukuba aphuhlise izixhobo ezichanekileyo zokulungisa ubhedu, ukwandisa imarike yamazwe ngamazwe, kunye nokufumana amanqanaba aphezulu enzuzo.

4. Izinga lokuzimela lobhedu lwasekhaya olusetyenzisiweyo lwandisiwe ukukhuthaza uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lweshishini lokulungisa ubhedu.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ubhedu olulahliweyo lwasekhaya lubonakalise ukukhula, kwaye ukuxinana kweshishini lokunyibilikisa ubhedu olusetyenzisiweyo luye lwanda kancinci kancinci.I-Pearl River Delta, i-Yangtze River Delta, kunye ne-Bohai Rim Economic Circle ziye ngokuthe ngcembe zaseka amaqela emizi-mveliso yobhedu asetyenzisiweyo, kwaye aseka inani leemarike zokurhweba zasekhaya zokurisayikilisha.Kumxholo wokunyuka kwenkunkuma yasekhaya yobhedu, izinga lokuzanelisa kobhedu lwesibini kwilizwe lam liya kuphuculwa ngakumbi kwixesha elizayo, ukukhuthaza uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lweshishini lokulungisa ubhedu.