Beryllium, zviri mukati mayo 0.001% mugomba repasi, iwo maminerari makuru ari beryl, beryllium uye chrysoberyl.Natural beryllium ine matatu isotopes: beryllium-7, beryllium-8, uye beryllium-10.Beryllium isimbi yepfumbu;melting point 1283°C, boiling point 2970°C, density 1.85 g/cm, beryllium ion radius 0.31 angstroms, idiki zvikuru pane mamwe masimbi.Hunhu hwe beryllium: Kemikari ye beryllium inoshanda uye inogona kuita dense surface oxide protective layer.Kunyange mukupisa kutsvuku, beryllium yakagadzikana zvikuru mumhepo.Beryllium haigoni kuita chete ne dilute acid, asiwo inonyungudika mune yakasimba alkali, ichiratidza amphoteric.Oxides uye halides zveberyllium zvine hunhu huri pachena, maumbirwo eberyllium anoora zviri nyore mumvura, uye beryllium inogonawo kuumba mapolymers uye covalent makomisheni ane pachena kupisa kugadzikana.

Beryllium, kufanana ne lithium, inoumbawo inodzivirira oxide layer, saka inogadzikana mumhepo kunyange kana yakatsvuka inopisa.Haina kunyungudika mumvura inotonhora, inonyungudika zvishoma mumvura inopisa, inonyungudika mu dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute sulfuric acid uye potassium hydroxide solution kuburitsa hydrogen.Metal beryllium ine huturu hwekuonda kunopesana neokisijeni-isina sodium simbi kunyangwe pakupisa kwakanyanya.Beryllium ine yakanaka 2 valence state uye inogona kuumba mapolymers pamwe nekirasi yecovalent makomisheni ane yakakosha kupisa kugadzikana.

Beryllium nemakomboni ayo ane chepfu zvakanyanya.Kunyangwe mafomu akati wandei eberyllium achiwanikwa muPasi pasi, haisati yanyanya kushomeka, ichiita chete 32nd yezvinhu zvese zviri paNyika.Ruvara uye chitarisiko cheberyllium chena chena kana simbi grey, uye zviri mukati mugomba: 2.6 × 10%

Kemikari ye beryllium inoshanda, uye kune 8 marudzi e beryllium isotopes akawanikwa: kusanganisira beryllium 6, beryllium 7, beryllium 8, beryllium 9, beryllium 10, beryllium 11, beryllium 12, beryllium 14 chete. 9 yakagadzikana, mamwe maIsotopes ane radioactive.Muzvisikwa, iripo mu beryl, beryllium uye chrysoberyl ore, uye beryllium inogoverwa mu beryl uye ziso rekati.Beryllium-inobereka ore ine akawanda akajeka, ane mavara akasiyana-siyana uye anga ari dombo rakakosha kubva kare.

Matombo anokosha akanyorwa mumagwaro ekare echiChinese, akadai sechinhu chekatsi, kana dombo rekati, ziso rekati, uye opal, ayo anozivikanwawo sechrysoberyl nevanhu vazhinji, aya ane beryllium-ine ores anonyanya kusiyanisa beryl.Inogona kuwanikwa ne electrolysis yeyakanyungudutswa beryllium chloride kana beryllium hydroxide.

High-purity beryllium zvakare yakakosha sosi yemanyutroni anokurumidza.Pasina mubvunzo, zvakakosha zvikuru pakugadzirwa kwezvinopisa kupisa mumagetsi enyukireya, semuenzaniso, inonyanya kushandiswa seneutron moderator mune nuclear reactors.Beryllium copper alloys inoshandiswa kugadzira maturusi asingabudise sparks, senge makiyi ekufambisa akakosha einjini, precision instruments, etc. Zvakakodzera kutaura kuti beryllium yave chinhu chinoyevedza chechimiro chendege uye makombi nekuda kwechiedza chayo. uremu, yakakwira modulus ye elasticity uye yakanaka yekudziya kugadzikana.Somuenzaniso, muzvirongwa zviviri zvomuchadenga zveCassini Saturn probe neMars rover, United States yakashandisa nhamba huru yesimbi yeberyllium kuti ideredze uremu.
Ngwarira kuti beryllium ine chepfu.Kunyanya mune yega cubic mita yemhepo, chero mirigiramu imwe yeberyllium huruva inogona kuita kuti vanhu vabate acute pneumonia - beryllium lung disease.indasitiri yesimbi yemunyika yangu yakaderedza zviri muberyllium mucubic mita imwe chete yemhepo kusvika isingasviki 1/100,000 giramu, uye inobudirira kupedza chinetso chedziviriro pachepfu yeberyllium.

Muchokwadi, macompounds eberyllium ane muchetura kupfuura beryllium, uye macompounds eberyllium anogadzira zvinhu zvinonyunguduka sejelly munyama yemhuka uye plasma, iyo inozobatana nekemikari ine hemoglobin kugadzira chinhu chitsva chinoita kuti maronda akasiyana-siyana aitike mumatishu uye nhengo, uye beryllium. mumapapu nemumapapu zvinogona kukonzera gomarara.