Beryllium isimbi inonzwisisika yekunetseka kukuru kune masimba makuru emauto munyika.Mushure memakore anopfuura makumi mashanu ebudiriro yakazvimiririra, indasitiri yeberyllium yenyika yangu yakagadzira hurongwa hwakazara hweindasitiri.Muindasitiri yeberyllium, simbi beryllium ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa asi inonyanya kukosha.Iyo ine yakakosha maapplication muminda yekudzivirira yenyika, aerospace uye Strategic yenyukireya simba.Iyo inyanzvi uye yakakosha sosi ine chekuita nekuchengetedzwa kwenyika;Huwandu hukuru ndeye beryllium copper alloy, iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yeindasitiri.IUnited States inorambidza beryllium yakachena uye beryllium copper master alloys kuChina.Beryllium copper alloy is non-ferrous alloy elastic material ine yakanakisa comprehensive properties, inozivikanwa se "king of elasticity", ine simba rakawanda, kuomarara kwepamusoro, corrosion resistance, high magetsi conductivity, high thermal conductivity, kuneta kuramba, corrosion resistance, elasticity. Iyo ine kuita kwakanakisa senge diki hysteresis, isiri-magnetic, uye isina spark kana yabatwa.Nokudaro, kushandiswa kukuru kweberyllium ndeye beryllium copper alloy, uye inofungidzirwa kuti 65% ye beryllium mumusika iri mumhando ye beryllium copper alloy.

1. Mhedziso yekunze kweberyllium indasitiri

Parizvino, chete United States, Kazakhstan neChina vane yakazara maindasitiri sisitimu yeberyllium kubva kune beryllium ore migodhi, kuburitsa simbi kune beryllium simbi uye alloy kugadzirisa pachiyero cheindasitiri.Indasitiri yeberyllium muUnited States ndiyo hombe pasi rose, inomiririra tekinoroji yepasi rose yeberyllium, uye ine mukana wakakwana muindasitiri yepasi rose yeberyllium, inotungamira uye inotungamira.IUnited States inodzora kutengeserana kwepasi rose muindasitiri yeberyllium nekupa beryllium mbishi, semi-yapedzwa, uye yakapedzwa zvigadzirwa kune vazhinji vanogadzira zvigadzirwa zveberyllium pasi rese, muUnited States nekune dzimwe nyika.Japan inogumira nekushaikwa kweiyo beryllium ore zviwanikwa uye haina kugona kweiyo indasitiri ketani, asi ine tekinoroji yepamusoro mukugadzirisa kwechipiri uye inoita basa rakakosha muindasitiri yeberyllium yepasi rose.
American Materion (yaimbova Brash Wellman) ndiyo chete yakasanganiswa inogadzira pasi rose inogona kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvese zveberyllium.Kune maviri makuru subsidiaries.Imwe inotsigira inogadzira beryllium alloys mumunda weindasitiri, beryllium copper alloy plates, mitsetse, waya, machubhu, tsvimbo, nezvimwewo;uye optical-giredhi beryllium zvinhu, pamwe nepamusoro-kukosha beryllium-aluminium alloys yeaerospace application.NGK Corporation ndiyo yechipiri yakakura kwazvo beryllium inogadzira mhangura munyika, yaimbozivikanwa seNGK Metal Corporation.Yakatanga kugadzira beryllium copper alloys muna 1958 uye idivi rakazara reNipponGaishi Co., Ltd. (NipponGaishi).Muna 1986, Nippon Insulator Co., Ltd. yakatenga beryllium mhangura yebazi reCabot Corporation yeUnited States uye yakashandura zita rayo kuti NGK, nokudaro ichiita mamiriro ezvinhu ekukwikwidzana neMaterion Corporation yeUnited States mumunda weberyllium mhangura.Obstruction Metals ndiyo inotenga zvikuru pasi rose yeberyllium oxide (makonzo makuru ekutenga kunze kwenyika iMaterion muUnited States neUlba Metallurgical Plant muKazakhstan).NGK yegore negore yekugadzirwa kweberyllium copper inofungidzirwa kuva inodarika 6,000 matani.Urba Metallurgical Plant ndiyo yega beryllium inonyungudutsa uye kugadzira chirimwa mune yaimbova Soviet Union uye yava chikamu cheKazakhstan.Kusati kwaparara kweSoviet Union, kugadzirwa kweberyllium paUrba Metallurgical Plant kwaive kwakavanzika uye kushoma kunozivikanwa.Muna 2000, Ulba Metallurgical Plant yakagamuchira US $ 25 mamiriyoni ekutsvaga kubva kuAmerican company Materion.Materion yakapa Ulba Metallurgical Plant nemari yekugadzira beryllium kwemakore maviri ekutanga, uye yakagadziridza midziyo yayo uye yakapa humwe hunyanzvi hutsva.Mukudzoka, Iyo Urba Metallurgical Plant inopa chete zvigadzirwa zveberyllium kuMaterion, kunyanya kusanganisira simbi beryllium ingots uye beryllium copper master alloys (inopa kusvika 2012).Muna 2005, Urba Metallurgical Plant yakapedza chirongwa chekudyara chemakore mashanu.Kugadzirwa kwegore negore kweUrba Metallurgical Plant ndeye 170-190 matani ezvigadzirwa zveberyllium, gore negore kugadzirwa kweberyllium copper master alloy i3000 matani, uye gore negore simba rekugadzira beryllium copper alloy i3000 matani.Iyo yegore yekugadzira kugona kwezvigadzirwa inosvika 1,000 matani.Wuerba Metallurgical Plant yakadyara mari ikavamba mubatanidzwa muShanghai, China: Wuzhong Metallurgical Products (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., ine basa rekupinza, kutumira kunze, kutumira kunze kwenyika uye kutengesa kwekambani yeberyllium zvigadzirwa muChina, East Asia. , Southeast Asia nedzimwe nzvimbo.Mushure memakore ebudiriro, Wuzhong Metallurgical Products (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. yave imwe yevanonyanya kukosha vatengesi veberyllium copper master alloys muChina, East Asia neSoutheast Asia.Munyika yeChina, yakatora chikamu chinodarika makumi manomwe muzana chemusika wepamusoro.

2. General mamiriro enyika beryllium indasitiri
Mushure memakumi emakore ebudiriro, indasitiri yeberyllium yekuChina yakagadzira yakazara maindasitiri sisitimu kubva kumigodhi ore, kuburitsa simbi kuenda ku beryllium simbi uye alloy kugadzirisa.Zvigadzirwa zvemusika mukuru zvakagoverwa muketani yeberyllium indasitiri zvinosanganisira: beryllium makomisheni, simbi beryllium, beryllium alloys, beryllium oxide ceramics uye simbi beryllium-based composite zvinhu.Mabhizinesi makuru anosanganisira mabhizinesi ehurumende akadai seDongfang Tantalum neMinmetals Beryllium, pamwe nemabhizinesi madiki akazvimirira.Muna 2018, China yakagadzira makumi mashanu matani eberyllium yakachena.IUnited States inorambidza simbi beryllium uye beryllium mhangura master alloys kuChina.Chidiki asi chinonyanya kukosha mumaindasitiri echeni isimbi beryllium.Metal beryllium inonyanya kushandiswa muminda yekudzivirira yenyika, aerospace uye strategic zviwanikwa, uye yakanyanya kuomesesa yekudzivirira yenyika ndeye pane zvine hunyanzvi zvombo zvenyukireya.Pamusoro pezvo, inosanganisirawo setiraiti furemu zvikamu uye zvimiro zvemuviri, setiraiti girazi miviri, rocket nozzles, gyroscopes uye kufamba uye zvombo zvekudzora zvikamu, zvemagetsi kurongedza, data kutaurirana masisitimu uye miviri yegirazi yeakakwira-simba lasers;nyukireya-giredhi simbi beryllium inoshandiswawo Tsvagiridzo/yekuyedza nyukireya fission uye fusion reactor.Huwandu hukuru muindasitiri yeketani ndeye beryllium copper alloy.Maererano nenhamba, inopfuura 80% yeberyllium hydroxide inoshandiswa kugadzira beryllium copper master alloy (4% beryllium content).Alloy yaamai inonatswa nemhangura yakachena kuti ibudise beryllium-copper alloys ine beryllium inokwana 0.1 ~ 2% uye zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira zvakasiyana-siyana zveberyllium-copper alloy profiles (mbariro, mitsetse, ndiro, waya, pombi), kupedza mabhizinesi Shandisa. aya maprofiles ekugadzirisa zvinhu zvinoshandiswa muminda yemaindasitiri senge zvemagetsi zvevatengi.Kugadzirwa kweberyllium-copper alloy kunowanzo kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri: kumusoro nekudzika.Kumusoro kunocherwa ore, kubviswa nekunyungudutswa kuita beryllium-ine beryllium-copper master alloy (zviri muberyllium kazhinji 4%);iyo yakadzika ndeye beryllium-copper master alloy sechinhu chinowedzera, ichiwedzera mhangura Kuwedzera kunyunguduka uye kugadzira mu beryllium copper alloy profiles (machubhu, mitsetse, tsvimbo, waya, mahwendefa, nezvimwewo), chimwe nechimwe chigadzirwa chealloy chichakamurwa kuita mamakisi akasiyana nekuda kwe kusagona kuita.

3. Pfupiso
Mumusika weberyllium copper master alloy, huwandu hwekugadzira hunoiswa mumakambani mashoma, uye United States inotonga.Iyo tekinoroji yekugadzira chikumbaridzo cheberyllium mhangura yemhangura yakakwira zvakanyanya, uye iyo indasitiri yese yakatarisana.Kune vashoma vatengesi kana mumwe mukuru-mugadziri kune yega yega yakakamurwa mhando kana chikamu.Nekuda kwekushomeka kwezviwanikwa uye tekinoroji inotungamira, iyo US Materion inotora chinzvimbo chinotungamira, Japan's NGK neKazakhstan's Urbakin Metallurgical Plant zvakare vane simba rakasimba, uye mabhizinesi epamba akadzokera kumashure zvachose.Mumusika weberyllium copper alloy profile, zvigadzirwa zvemumba zvinonangidzirwa pakati-kusvika-yakaderera-yekupedzisira munda, uye kune yakakura imwe nzira inodiwa uye mutengo nzvimbo pakati-kusvika-yepamusoro-yekupedzisira musika.Kunyangwe iri beryllium-copper alloy kana beryllium-copper alloy profiles, mabhizinesi epamba achiri mudanho rekubata, uye zvigadzirwa zvakanyanya mumusika wakaderera, uye mutengo unowanzo hafu kana kuderera kupfuura iwo zvigadzirwa muUnited States neJapan.Chikonzero chichiri kuganhurirwa nekugadzikana kwehunyanzvi hwekunyungudutsa uye maitiro.Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana iri yakaderera kugadzirwa mudzimba uye mutengo wekugadzira, kana imwe beryllium yemhangura yekunyungudutsa tekinoroji yakagoneswa kana kubatanidzwa, chigadzirwa chinotarisirwa kupinda mumusika wepakati nemutengo mukana.High-purity beryllium (99.99%) uye beryllium-copper master alloys zvinhu zvakakosha zvakarambidzwa neUnited States kuendesa kunze kuChina.