Sezvatinoziva tese, nyika yangu ine nzvimbo huru yekutonga mumunda wepasi isingawanzo.Kunyangwe iri matura kana kugadzirwa, ndiyo nhamba yenyika 1, ichipa 90% yezvinhu zvisingawanzo kugadzirwa pasirese.Simbi yesimbi yandinoda kukuzivisai nhasi ndeyepamusoro-chaizvo zvinhu mumunda weaerospace uye indasitiri yemauto, asi yakakura kwazvo kuburitsa uye matura pasirese anogarwa neUnited States, uye nyika yangu inobuda mudzimba haigone kusangana nezvinodiwa. saka inoda kutengwa kubva kunze kwenyika.Saka, rudzii rwesimbi simbi?Uyu ndiwo mugodhi weberyllium unozivikanwa se "kurara mu beryl".

Beryllium isimbi yegreyish-white isina-ferrous yakawanikwa kubva kuberyl.Kare, kuumbwa kweberyl (beryllium aluminium silicate) yaiwanzoonekwa sealuminium silicate.Asi muna 1798, nyanzvi yemakemikari yeFrance Walkerland akawana kuburikidza nekuongorora kuti beryl yaivawo nechinhu chisingazivikanwi, uye chinhu ichi chisingazivikanwi chaiva beryllium.

Mumakore achangopfuura, nyika yangu yakaita budiriro inoenderera mberi muchirongwa che "artificial sun", iyo yakaunzawo ichi chinhu chidiki-chinozivikanwa chesimbi kune veruzhinji.Isu tese tinoziva kuti tembiricha yeplasma inogadzirwa neiyo thermonuclear fusion ye "artificial sun" inodarika 100 miriyoni madhigirii Celsius.Kunyangwe iwo maion ekupisa kwepamusoro akamiswa uye asingasangani nemadziro emukati mekamuri yekupindura, madziro emukati anodiwa kuti amire kutonhora kwakanyanya.

"Rusvingo rwekutanga rwezuva rekugadzira" rakazvimiririra rakagadzirwa nemasainzi echiChinese, iro rakatarisana nemadziro emukati eiyo-yepamusoro-tembiricha yekusanganisa zvinhu, rakagadzirwa nepamusoro-soro kuchena beryllium, ine inoshamisa kupisa kupisa mhedzisiro uye Thermonuclear fusion kuyedza. kuvaka "firewall".Nekuda kwehunhu hwakanaka hwenyukireya hweberyllium, inoitawo mabasa mazhinji akakosha muindasitiri yemagetsi enyukireya, sekushanda se“neutron moderator” yemareactors enyukireya kuve nechokwadi chekutsemuka kwenyukireya;kushandisa beryllium oxide kugadzira neutron reflectors, nezvimwe.

Muchokwadi, beryllium haingo "shandiswazve" muindasitiri yenyukireya, asiwo yakakwirira-chaiyo zvinhu muaerospace uye indasitiri yemauto.Iwe unoziva, beryllium imwe yesimbi dzakareruka zvisingawanzoitiki, ine nhevedzano yezvakanakisa zvivakwa, senge yakaderera density, yakakwira melting point, yakanaka yekupisa conductivity, yakanaka reflectivity kune infrared light, etc. Izvi zvakanakisa zvimiro zvinoita kuti zvishandiswe zvakanyanya mumhepo uye maindasitiri emauto.zvakasiyana-siyana zvekushandisa.

Tora chitundumuseremusere semuenzaniso, indekisi ye "kudzikisa huremu" inoda zvakanyanya.Sesimbi yakareruka, beryllium haina kukora kudarika aruminiyamu uye yakasimba kudarika simbi.Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwemafuremu egadziko uye matanda emasatelliti ekugadzira uye spacecraft.Makolamu uye matrusses akagadziriswa, nezvimwewo Zvinonzwisisika kuti ndege huru inewo zviuru zvezvikamu zvakagadzirwa neberyllium alloy.Mukuwedzera, beryllium simbi inoshandiswawo mukugadzira inertial navigation systems uye optical systems.Muchidimbu, beryllium yave chinhu chakakosha uye chakakosha kune zvakawanda zvigadzirwa zvepamusoro.

Mukupihwa kweiyi yakakosha simbi sosi, United States ine mukana wakakura.Kubva pamaonero ezvicherwa, maererano nedata rakaburitswa neUS Geological Survey, kubva muna 2016, nzvimbo dzepasi rose dzeberyllium dzaive 100,000 matani, iyo United States yaive ne60,000 matani, achiverengera makumi matanhatu muzana epasi rose.Panyaya yekugadzirwa, United States ndiyo ichiri huru pasi rose.Muna 2019, kugadzirwa kwepasi rose beryllium kwaive matani mazana maviri nemakumi matanhatu, iyo United States yakaburitsa matani zana nemakumi manomwe, inoverengera makumi matanhatu neshanu muzana epasi rose.

Nyika yedu inobuda ingori chidimbu cheiyo yeUnited States, pamatani makumi manomwe, izvo zvisingakwani kuti tishandise isu pachedu.Nekukurumidza kusimudzira kweaerospace yenyika yangu, simba renyukireya uye midziyo yemagetsi uye mamwe maindasitiri, kushandiswa kweberyllium kwakawedzera zvakanyanya.Semuyenzaniso, muna 2019, kudiwa kwenyika yangu kweberyllium kwakasvika matani 81.8, kuwedzera kwematani makumi maviri nematatu nemazana mana pagore rapfuura.

Naizvozvo, zvigadzirwa zvemuno hazvigone kuzadzisa zvinodiwa, uye zvinofanirwa kuvimba nekutenga kunze kwenyika.Pakati pavo, muna 2019, nyika yangu yakaunza kunze matani gumi nesere eiyo beryllium isina kubikwa, iine huwandu hwe8.6836 miriyoni emadhora ekuAmerica.Izvo chaizvo nekuda kwekushomeka kweberyllium kuti zviwanikwa zvemunyika yangu zveberyllium parizvino zvinopihwa kune mauto neaerospace minda.

Iwe unogona kufunga kuti sezvo kubuda kweberyllium muUnited States kwakakwirira, inofanira kutumirwa kuChina nemamwe misika yakawanda.Sezvineiwo, senyika yakasimukira zvikuru pasi rose, United States yagara yakagadzira hurongwa hweindasitiri hwakakwana hwekucherwa kweberyllium ore, kudhirowa nekunyungudutsa kune beryllium simbi uye alloy processing.Iyo beryllium ore yainochera haizotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvakananga sedzimwe nyika dzine zviwanikwa.

United States inotoda kuunza kubva kuKazakhstan, Japan, Brazil nedzimwe nyika, kuburikidza nekuenderera mberi kwekugadzirisa kuita semi-yakapedzwa kana yakanatswa zvigadzirwa, chikamu chayo chichashandiswa chega, uye chasara chichaendeswa kune nyika dzakabudirira kuita zvakawanda. wemari.Pakati pavo, kambani yeAmerica Materion ine kutaura kukuru mumhizha yeberyllium.Ndiyo chete mugadziri munyika anogona kugadzira zvese zvigadzirwa zveberyllium.Zvigadzirwa zvaro hazvisi kungosangana nezvinodiwa zvemumba muUnited States, asiwo zvinopa nyika dzese dzekumadokero.

Ehe, isu hatifanirwe kunetseka nezve "kunamira" neUnited States muindasitiri yeberyllium.Iwe unoziva, China neRussia zvakare inyika dzine yakazara beryllium indasitiri system kuwedzera kuUnited States, asi tekinoroji iripo ichiri yakaderera zvishoma kune iyo yeUnited States.Uye kubva pamaonero ezvicherwa, kunyangwe zviwanikwa zveberyllium zvekuChina hazvina kukura seizvo zveUnited States, zvichiri kupfuma.Muna 2015, nyika yangu yakaziviswa zvakachengetwa zviwanikwa zveberyllium zvakasvika 39,000 matani, iri pechipiri pasi rose.Zvakadaro, chicherwa chenyika yangu cheberyllium chegiredhi rakaderera uye chinodhura zvakanyanya mumigodhi, saka chinobuda hachikwanisi kuenderana nezvinodiwa, uye zvimwe zvacho zvinotengwa kubva kunze kwenyika.

Parizvino, iyo Northwest Institute yeRare Metal Materials ndiyo yega beryllium yekutsvagisa uye kugadzirisa base munyika yangu, ine mudzimba inotungamira R&D tekinoroji uye kugona kugadzira.Zvinotendwa kuti nekuenderera mberi kwekubudirira kwehunyanzvi hwayo, indasitiri yenyika yangu yeberyllium zvishoma nezvishoma ichasvika padanho repamusoro repasi.