Beryllium nicyuma cyoroshye gihangayikishije ibihugu bikomeye bya gisirikare kwisi.Nyuma yimyaka irenga 50 yiterambere ryigenga, uruganda rwanjye rwa beryllium rwashizeho gahunda yinganda zuzuye.Mu nganda za beryllium, icyuma cya beryllium nicyo gikoreshwa cyane ariko gikomeye.Ifite ibikorwa byingenzi mubijyanye no kurinda igihugu, icyogajuru n’ingufu za kirimbuzi.Nibikoresho byingenzi kandi byingenzi bijyanye numutekano wigihugu;Umubare munini ni beryllium y'umuringa, ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda.Reta zunzubumwe zamerika zifatiye mubushinwa beryllium nziza hamwe na beryllium umuringa mukuru.Umuringa wa Beryllium ni ibikoresho bya elastike bidafite ferrous bifite ibintu byiza byuzuye, bizwi nka "umwami wa elastique", bifite imbaraga nyinshi, ubukana bwinshi, birwanya ruswa, amashanyarazi menshi, amashanyarazi menshi, kurwanya umunaniro, kurwanya ruswa, elastique Ifite imikorere myiza nka hystereze ntoya, itari magnetique, kandi nta spark iyo byatewe.Kubwibyo rero, ikoreshwa ryingenzi rya beryllium ni umuringa wa beryllium, kandi byagereranijwe ko 65% ya beryllium ku isoko iri muburyo bwa beryllium umuringa.

1. Incamake yinganda za beryllium zamahanga

Kugeza ubu, Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, Kazakisitani n'Ubushinwa ni byo byonyine bifite inganda zuzuye za beryllium kuva mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ya beryllium, gucukura metallurgie kugeza ku cyuma cya beryllium no gutunganya amavuta ku ruganda.Inganda za beryllium muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika nizo nini ku isi, zerekana urwego rw’ikoranabuhanga rukora ku isi rwa beryllium, kandi rufite inyungu zuzuye mu nganda za beryllium ku isi, ziyobora kandi zikayobora.Amerika igenzura ubucuruzi bwisi yose munganda za beryllium itanga ibicuruzwa bya beryllium mbisi, igice cyarangije, kandi cyarangiye kubakora ibicuruzwa byinshi bya beryllium kwisi yose, haba muri Amerika ndetse no mumahanga.Ubuyapani bugarukira ku kubura ubutare bwa beryllium kandi ntibufite ubushobozi bw’uruganda rwose, ariko bufite ikoranabuhanga ryateye imbere mu gutunganya icyiciro cya kabiri kandi rifite uruhare runini mu nganda za beryllium ku isi.
Materion y'Abanyamerika (yahoze yitwa Brash Wellman) niyo yonyine ikora inganda ku isi ishobora kubyara ibicuruzwa byose bya beryllium.Hariho amashami abiri yingenzi.Isosiyete imwe itanga amavuta ya beryllium munganda zinganda, plaque ya beryllium yumuringa, imirongo, insinga, imiyoboro, inkoni, nibindi.;nibikoresho bya optique-ya beryllium, kimwe nigiciro cyinshi cya beryllium-aluminium alloys yo gukoresha ikirere.NGK Corporation ni iya kabiri mu gukora umuringa wa beryllium ku isi, yahoze yitwa NGK Metal Corporation.Yatangiye gukora umuringa wa beryllium mu 1958 kandi ni ishami rya NipponGaishi Co., Ltd. (NipponGaishi).Mu 1986, Nippon Insulator Co., Ltd yaguze ishami ry’umuringa rya beryllium ya Cabot Corporation yo muri Amerika maze rihindura izina ryitwa NGK, bityo bituma habaho ikibazo cyo guhangana na Materion Corporation yo muri Amerika mu bijyanye n’umuringa wa beryllium.Obstruction Metals nicyo gihugu kinini gitumiza mu mahanga oxyde ya beryllium (isoko nyamukuru itumizwa mu mahanga ni Materion muri Amerika hamwe n’uruganda rwa Ulba Metallurgical muri Qazaqistan).Ubushobozi bwa NGK buri mwaka bwo gutanga umuringa wa beryllium bivugwa ko burenga toni 6.000.Uruganda rwa Urba Metallurgical Uruganda nirwo ruganda rwonyine rwo gushonga no gutunganya beryllium mu cyahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti, ubu rukaba ruri muri Qazaqistan.Mbere y’uko Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti zisenyuka, umusaruro wa beryllium mu ruganda rwa Urba Metallurgical wari rwihishwa cyane kandi ntiwamenyekanye.Mu 2000, Uruganda rwa Ulba Metallurgical rwabonye ishoramari rya miliyoni 25 z'amadorali y'Amerika muri sosiyete y'Abanyamerika Materion.Materion yahaye Uruganda Metallurgical Uruganda amafaranga yo gutanga beryllium mumyaka ibiri yambere, kandi ivugurura ibikoresho byayo kandi itanga ikoranabuhanga rishya.Bisubiye, Urba Metallurgical Plant itanga gusa ibikoresho bya beryllium kuri Materion, cyane cyane harimo ingunguru ya beryllium hamwe na beryllium y'umuringa mukuru (gutanga kugeza 2012).Muri 2005, Urba Metallurgical Plant yarangije iyi gahunda yimyaka 5 yishoramari.Ubushobozi bwo gukora buri mwaka bwuruganda rwa Urba Metallurgical ni toni 170-190 yibicuruzwa bya beryllium, umusaruro wumwaka wa beryllium umuringa master alloy ni toni 3000, naho umusaruro wumwaka wa beryllium umuringa ni toni 3000.Ubushobozi bwo gukora buri mwaka bwibicuruzwa bugera kuri toni 1.000.Uruganda rwa Wuerba Metallurgical rwashoye kandi rushinga ishami ryarwo rwose muri Shanghai, mu Bushinwa: Wuzhong Metallurgical Products (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., ishinzwe gutumiza, kohereza mu mahanga, kongera kohereza no kugurisha ibicuruzwa bya beryllium mu Bushinwa, Aziya y'Uburasirazuba , Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba bwa Aziya n'utundi turere.Nyuma yimyaka myinshi yiterambere, Wuzhong Metallurgical Products (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. yabaye umwe mubatanga isoko ryingenzi rya beryllium umuringa mukuru mubushinwa, Aziya yuburasirazuba na Aziya yepfo yepfo.Ku mugabane w'Ubushinwa, yatwaye imigabane irenga 70% ku isoko.

2. Imiterere rusange yinganda za beryllium
Nyuma y’imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo iterambere, inganda za beryllium mu Bushinwa zashyizeho uburyo bwuzuye bw’inganda kuva mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, gucukura metallurgie kugeza ku cyuma cya beryllium no gutunganya amavuta.Ibicuruzwa byingenzi byamasoko bikwirakwizwa murwego rwinganda za beryllium harimo: ibivangwa na beryllium, ibyuma bya beryllium, amavuta ya beryllium, ceramics ya beryllium ceramics hamwe nicyuma cya beryllium gishingiye kubikoresho.Ibigo bikomeye birimo ibigo bya leta nka Dongfang Tantalum na Minmetals Beryllium, ndetse n’ibigo bito byigenga.Muri 2018, Ubushinwa bwakoze toni 50 za beryllium.Reta zunzubumwe zamerika zifatiye mubushinwa beryllium hamwe na beryllium umuringa mukuru.Gitoya ariko icyingenzi murwego rwinganda ni beryllium yicyuma.Ibyuma bya beryllium bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu rwego rwo kurinda igihugu, icyogajuru n’umutungo w’ibikorwa, kandi icyifuzo gikomeye cyo kurinda igihugu ni kuri misile za kirimbuzi.Mubyongeyeho, ikubiyemo kandi ibice bigize ibice bya satelite nibice byubatswe, imibiri yindorerwamo ya satelite, ibisasu bya roketi, giroskopi nogukoresha hamwe nibikoresho byo kugenzura intwaro, gupakira ibikoresho bya elegitoronike, sisitemu yo gutumanaho amakuru hamwe nindorerwamo za laseri zifite ingufu nyinshi;icyuma cya kirimbuzi cyitwa beryllium nacyo gikoreshwa mubushakashatsi / ubushakashatsi bwa fonctionnement na reaction ya fusion.Umubare munini murwego rwinganda ni beryllium umuringa.Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, hejuru ya 80% ya hydroxide ya beryllium ikoreshwa mu gutanga umuringa wa beryllium umuringa (ibirimo 4%).Umubumbe wa nyina wavanze numuringa usukuye kugirango ubyare amavuta ya beryllium-umuringa urimo beryllium ya 0.1 ~ 2% hamwe nibice bitandukanye, harimo ubwoko butandukanye bwa beryllium-umuringa wa profili (utubari, imirongo, amasahani, insinga, imiyoboro), imishinga irangiza Koresha iyi myirondoro yo gutunganya ibice bikoreshwa mubikorwa byinganda nka electronics yabaguzi.Umusaruro wa beryllium-umuringa usanzwe ugabanijwemo ibice bibiri: hejuru no hepfo.Ahagana hejuru ni ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, kuvoma no gushonga muri beryllium irimo beryllium-umuringa master alloy (ibirimo muri beryllium muri rusange ni 4%);epfo na ruguru ni beryllium-umuringa master alloy nk'inyongeramusaruro, wongeyeho umuringa Kongera gushonga no gutunganya muri beryllium y'umuringa wa aliyumu (tubes, imirongo, inkoni, insinga, amasahani, nibindi), buri gicuruzwa kivanze kizagabanywa mubyiciro bitandukanye kubera kudashobora gukora.

3. Incamake
Mu isoko rya beryllium umuringa master alloy market, ubushobozi bwo kubyaza umusaruro bwibanda mumasosiyete make, kandi Amerika iriganje.Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji yumusemburo wa beryllium umuringa wavanze ni mwinshi, kandi inganda zose ziregeranye.Hano hari abatanga bike cyangwa super-producer umwe kuri buri kirango kigabanijwe cyangwa icyiciro.Bitewe n'ubushobozi buke n'ikoranabuhanga riyoboye, Materion yo muri Amerika ifata umwanya wa mbere, NGK yo mu Buyapani na Urbakin Metallurgical Urbakin yo muri Qazaqisitani nayo ifite imbaraga zikomeye, kandi imishinga yo mu gihugu isubira inyuma rwose.Mu isoko rya beryllium y'umuringa wa aliyumu, ibicuruzwa byo mu gihugu byibanze mu murima wo hagati kugeza hasi, kandi hari byinshi bisabwa hamwe n'umwanya w'ibiciro ku isoko hagati kugeza hejuru.Yaba ari beryllium-umuringa cyangwa imyirondoro ya beryllium-umuringa, imishinga yo mu gihugu iracyari mu cyiciro cyo gufata, kandi ibicuruzwa biri mu isoko rito, kandi igiciro akenshi ni kimwe cya kabiri cyangwa kiri munsi yacyo. ibicuruzwa muri Amerika no mu Buyapani.Impamvu iracyafite aho igarukira no gutekinika kwikoranabuhanga hamwe nibikorwa.Iyi ngingo isobanura ko mugihe cyumusaruro muke wimbere mu gihugu hamwe nigiciro cyo gukora, niba tekinoroji ya beryllium yo gushonga umuringa ikozwe neza cyangwa igahuzwa, ibicuruzwa biteganijwe ko byinjira mumasoko yo hagati hamwe ninyungu yibiciro.Beryllium ifite isuku nyinshi (99,99%) hamwe na beryllium-umuringa w’ibanze ni ibikoresho by'ibanze bibujijwe na Amerika kohereza mu Bushinwa.