Nkuko twese tubizi, igihugu cyanjye gifite umwanya munini wiganje mubutaka budasanzwe.Yaba ibigega cyangwa umusaruro, niwo wambere ku isi, utanga 90% byibicuruzwa bidasanzwe ku isi.Ibikoresho by'icyuma nshaka kubagezaho uyu munsi ni ibintu bisobanutse neza mu bijyanye n'ikirere n'inganda za gisirikare, ariko umusaruro munini n'ibigega byinshi ku isi bigarurwa na Amerika, kandi umusaruro w'igihugu cyanjye mu gihugu ntushobora guhaza icyifuzo, bigomba rero gutumizwa mu mahanga.None, ni ubuhe bwoko bw'icyuma?Ngiyo kirombe cya beryllium kizwi nka "gusinzira muri beryl".

Beryllium nicyuma cyera-cyera kitari ferrous yavumbuwe muri beryl.Mbere, ibice bya beryl (beryllium aluminium silikate) byafatwaga nka silikatike ya aluminium.Ariko mu 1798, umuhanga mu bya shimi w’Abafaransa Walkerland yasanze akoresheje isesengura ko beryl nayo irimo ikintu kitazwi, kandi iki kintu kitazwi cyari beryllium.

Mu myaka yashize, igihugu cyanjye cyateye intambwe ishimishije mu mushinga w '"izuba ry’ubukorikori", ari nacyo cyazanye iki cyuma kizwi cyane mu bantu.Twese tuzi ko ubushyuhe bwa plasma buterwa no guhuza ingufu za kirimbuzi za "izuba ryubukorikori" burenga dogere selisiyusi 100.Nubwo izo ion zifite ubushyuhe bwo hejuru zahagaritswe kandi ntizihuze nurukuta rwimbere rwicyumba cya reaction, urukuta rwimbere rurasabwa kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane.

“Urukuta rwa mbere rw'izuba ryakozwe” rwigenga rwakozwe n'abahanga mu bya siyansi b'Abashinwa, ruhanze amaso urukuta rw'imbere rw'ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru rwo mu rwego rwo hejuru, bikozwe mu buryo bwihariye bwo kuvura beryllium ifite isuku idasanzwe, ifite ingaruka zidasanzwe zo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe n'ubushakashatsi bwa Thermonuclear fusion kubaka "firewall".Bitewe n’imiterere myiza ya kirimbuzi ya beryllium, igira kandi uruhare runini mu nganda zikoresha ingufu za kirimbuzi, nko kuba “neutron moderator” ku bikoresho bya kirimbuzi kugira ngo ibisasu bya kirimbuzi bishoboke;ukoresheje okiside ya beryllium kugirango ikore neutron, nibindi.

Mubyukuri, beryllium ntabwo "yongeye gukoreshwa" mu nganda za kirimbuzi gusa, ahubwo ni ibikoresho bisobanutse neza mu kirere no mu nganda za gisirikare.Urabizi, beryllium nimwe mubyuma byoroheje bidasanzwe, hamwe nuruhererekane rwibintu byiza cyane, nkubucucike buke, aho gushonga cyane, imiyoboro myiza yumuriro, uburyo bwiza bwo kwerekana urumuri rudasanzwe, nibindi. Iyi mico myiza ituma ikoreshwa cyane mu kirere kandi inganda za gisirikare.Urwego runini rwa Porogaramu.

Fata icyogajuru nk'urugero, indangagaciro yo "kugabanya ibiro" irasaba cyane.Nkicyuma cyoroshye, beryllium ntigifite ubucucike kuruta aluminium kandi ikomeye kuruta ibyuma.Ikoreshwa cyane mugukora amakadiri shingiro hamwe nibiti bya satelite yubukorikori hamwe nicyogajuru.Inkingi hamwe na trusses zihamye, nibindi. Byumvikane ko indege nini nayo ifite ibice ibihumbi n'ibihumbi bikozwe muri beryllium.Mubyongeyeho, icyuma cya beryllium nacyo gikoreshwa mugukora sisitemu yo kugendana inertial na sisitemu ya optique.Muri make, beryllium yabaye ibikoresho byingirakamaro kandi bifite agaciro kubicuruzwa byinshi byikoranabuhanga.

Mugutanga ibikoresho byingenzi byibyuma, Amerika ifite inyungu nini.Urebye ku bubiko, nk'uko imibare yashyizwe ahagaragara n’ubushakashatsi bw’Amerika muri Jewolojiya yabitangaje, kugeza mu 2016, ububiko bwa beryllium ku isi bwari toni 100.000, muri bwo Amerika yari ifite toni 60.000, bingana na 60% by’ubukungu bw’isi.Ku bijyanye n’umusaruro, Amerika iracyari nini ku isi.Muri 2019, umusaruro wa beryllium ku isi wari toni 260, muri zo Amerika ikaba yarakoze toni 170, bingana na 65% by'isi yose.

Umusaruro wigihugu cyacu ni agace gato k’Amerika, kuri toni 70, ibyo ntibihagije kugirango dukoreshe ubwacu.Iterambere ryihuse ry’ikirere cy’igihugu cyanjye, ingufu za kirimbuzi n’ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki n’izindi nganda, ikoreshwa rya beryllium naryo ryiyongereye ku buryo bugaragara.Kurugero, muri 2019, igihugu cyanjye gikeneye beryllium cyageze kuri toni 81.8, cyiyongereyeho toni 23.4 ugereranije numwaka ushize.

Kubwibyo, umusaruro waho ntushobora guhaza icyifuzo, kandi ugomba gushingira kubitumizwa hanze.Muri bo, muri 2019, igihugu cyanjye cyatumije toni 11.8 za beryllium idakozwe, hamwe na miliyoni 8.6836 z'amadolari y'Amerika.Nubusanzwe kubera ubuke bwa beryllium niho umutungo wa beryllium wigihugu cyanjye utangwa cyane cyane mubisirikare no mu kirere.

Urashobora gutekereza ko kubera ko umusaruro wa beryllium muri Amerika ari mwinshi cyane, ugomba koherezwa mubushinwa no mumasoko menshi.Mubyukuri, nkigihugu cyateye imbere cyane kwisi, Reta zunzubumwe zamerika zashizeho kuva kera uburyo bwuzuye bwinganda zo gucukura amabuye ya beryllium, gucukura no gushonga kugeza mubyuma bya beryllium no gutunganya amavuta.Amabuye ya beryllium acukura ntabwo azoherezwa mu buryo butaziguye kimwe n'ibindi bihugu bishingiye ku mutungo.

Amerika ikeneye no gutumiza muri Qazaqistan, Ubuyapani, Burezili ndetse no mu bindi bihugu, binyuze mu gutunganya ibicuruzwa bitarangiye cyangwa bitunganijwe neza, igice cyacyo kikaba kizakoreshwa ubwacyo, naho ibindi bizoherezwa mu bihugu byateye imbere kugira ngo bikore byinshi. y'amafaranga.Muri bo, isosiyete y'Abanyamerika Materion ifite ijambo rikomeye mu nganda za beryllium.Niyo yonyine ikora kwisi ishobora gutanga ibicuruzwa byose bya beryllium.Ibicuruzwa byayo ntabwo byujuje ibyifuzo byimbere mu gihugu muri Amerika, ahubwo binatanga ibihugu byose byuburengerazuba.

Birumvikana ko tutagomba guhangayikishwa no "gukomera" na Amerika mu nganda za beryllium.Urabizi, Ubushinwa n'Uburusiya nabyo ni ibihugu bifite gahunda y’inganda zuzuye za beryllium usibye Amerika, ariko ikoranabuhanga rigezweho riracyari hasi gato ugereranije n’Amerika.Ukurikije ububiko, nubwo umutungo wa beryllium w'Ubushinwa utari munini nkuwa Amerika, baracyakize.Muri 2015, igihugu cyanjye cyatangaje ko umutungo w’ibanze wa beryllium wageze kuri toni 39.000, uza ku mwanya wa kabiri ku isi.Nyamara, igihugu cyanjye cya beryllium ubutare buri mu rwego rwo hasi kandi ugereranije n’igiciro kinini cyo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro, bityo umusaruro ntushobora kugendana n’ibisabwa, kandi bimwe muri byo bitumizwa mu mahanga.

Kugeza ubu, Ikigo cy’amajyaruguru y’iburengerazuba cy’ibikoresho bidasanzwe ni cyo kigo cyonyine cy’ubushakashatsi n’itunganywa rya beryllium mu gihugu cyanjye, gifite ikoranabuhanga rya R&D mu gihugu ndetse n’ubushobozi bwo kubyaza umusaruro.Twizera ko hamwe n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rigenda ritera imbere, inganda zanjye za beryllium mu gihugu cyanjye zizagenda ziyongera ku rwego rwo hejuru ku isi.