Igice cya 1 Isesengura n'iteganyagihe rya Beryllium Ore Isoko

1. Incamake yiterambere ryisoko

Beryllium ikoreshwa cyane mumashini, ibikoresho, ibikoresho nizindi nzego zinganda ndetse no mubwubatsi bwa kabili.Kugeza ubu, ikoreshwa rya beryllium mu muringa wa beryllium hamwe n’indi miti irimo beryllium ku isi ryarenze 70% by’umwaka wose ukoresha ibyuma bya beryllium.

Nyuma yimyaka irenga 50 yiterambere nubwubatsi, uruganda rwanjye rwa beryllium rwashyizeho uburyo bwuzuye bwo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro, beryllium, gushonga no gutunganya.Umusaruro nubwoko bwa beryllium ntabwo bihaza ibikenewe mu gihugu gusa, ahubwo binohereza amafaranga menshi kugirango babone amadovize mugihugu.Beryllium igira uruhare runini mu gukora ibice by'ingenzi bigize intwaro za kirimbuzi z'Ubushinwa, reaction za kirimbuzi, satelite na misile.igihugu cyanjye cyo gukuramo beryllium metallurgie, ifu ya metallurgie hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya byose bigeze kurwego rwo hejuru.

2. Ikwirakwizwa n'ibiranga ubutare bwa beryllium

Kugeza mu 1996, hari uduce 66 twacukurwagamo amabuye y'agaciro ya beryllium, naho ububiko bwagumishijwe (BeO) bugera kuri toni 230.000, muri bwo inganda zikaba zifite 9.3%.

igihugu cyanjye gikungahaye ku mabuye y'agaciro ya beryllium, akwirakwizwa mu ntara 14 no mu turere twigenga.Ububiko bwa beryllium ni ubu bukurikira: Ubushinwa bwinjije 29.4%, Mongoliya yo mu gihugu igera kuri 27.8% (cyane cyane ubutare bwa beryllium), Sichuan ifite 16.9%, Yunnan na 15.8%.89.9%.Bakurikiwe na Jiangxi, Gansu, Hunan, Guangdong, Henan, Fujian, Zhejiang, Guangxi, Heilongjiang, Hebei n'izindi ntara 10, bangana na 10.1%.Amabuye y'agaciro ya Beryl akwirakwizwa cyane cyane mu Bushinwa (83.5%) na Sichuan (9,6%), hamwe na 93.1% mu ntara zombi, akurikirwa na Gansu, Yunnan, Shaanxi, na Fujian, hamwe na 6.9% gusa muri intara enye.

Ikwirakwizwa ryamabuye ya beryllium nintara numujyi

Amabuye y'agaciro ya beryllium mu gihugu cyanjye afite ibintu by'ingenzi bikurikira:

1) Ikwirakwizwa ryibanze cyane, bifasha mu kubaka amabuye manini manini, gutunganya, no gutunganya ibyuma.

2) Hano hari amabuye make yabitswe hamwe nubutunzi bwinshi bufatanije, kandi agaciro gakoreshwa ni nini.Ubushakashatsi ku bucukuzi bwa beryllium mu gihugu cyanjye bwerekana ko ibyinshi mu bubiko bwa beryllium ari ububiko bwuzuye, kandi ububiko bwabwo ahanini bujyanye no kubitsa.Ibigega bya beryllium bingana na 48% hamwe na lithium, niobium na tantalum, 27% hamwe nubutaka budasanzwe, 20% hamwe nubutare bwa tungsten, hamwe na molybdenum, amabati, gurş na zinc.Kandi ibindi byuma bidafite fer na mika, quartzite nandi mabuye y'agaciro adafite ubutare.

3) Urwego rwo hasi hamwe nububiko bunini.Usibye kubitsa bike cyangwa ibice byamabuye hamwe nubutare bwamabuye yo murwego rwohejuru, ibyinshi mubibitse bya beryllium mugihugu cyanjye biri murwego rwo hasi, bityo ibipimo nganda byamabuye y'agaciro byashyizweho ni bike, kuburyo ibigega byabazwe nibipimo byo hasi byo gukora ubushakashatsi ni binini cyane.

3. Iteganyagihe ryiterambere

Hamwe n’isoko ryiyongera ku bicuruzwa by’amabuye y'agaciro ya beryllium, inganda zo mu gihugu zashimangiye buhoro buhoro kuzamura ikoranabuhanga mu nganda no kwagura inganda.Mu gitondo cyo ku ya 29 Nyakanga 2009, muri Urumqi habereye umuhango wo gutangiza ikirombe cya Yangzhuang Beryllium cyo mu Bushinwa CNNC no kurangiza icyiciro cya mbere n’icyiciro cya kabiri cy’ikigo cy’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga cya Sinayi R&D cy’inganda za kirimbuzi.Ubushinwa bwa CNNC Yangzhuang Beryllium Mine irateganya gushora miliyoni 315 yuan yo kubaka uruganda runini rukora amabuye y'agaciro ya beryllium mu gihugu.Umushinga w’ikirombe cya beryllium mu Ntara yigenga ya Hebuxel Mongoliya uterwa inkunga kandi wubatswe na Sinzingi CNNC Dadi Hefeng Mining Co., Ltd., Ubushinwa Bw’inganda za Nucleaire n’Ubushinwa n’inganda za kirimbuzi No 216.Yinjiye mubyiciro byambere byo kwitegura.Nyuma yuko umushinga urangiye ugashyirwa mu bikorwa mu mwaka wa 2012, uzagera ku mwaka winjiza amafaranga arenga miliyoni 430.Biteganijwe ko ubucukuzi bwa beryllium mu gihugu cyanjye buzarushaho kwiyongera mu bihe biri imbere.

Umusaruro wa beryllium wo mu gihugu nawo wongereye ishoramari.Umushinga wa "Ubushakashatsi Bw’ikoranabuhanga Bwibanze ku Bwiza Bwinshi, Umubumbe munini na Beryllium Bronze ibikoresho biremereye" byakozwe na Ningxia CNMC Dongfang Group bwatsinze isuzuma ry’impuguke ryateguwe na Minisiteri y’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga kandi ryashyizwe muri Minisiteri y’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga mu 2009 Gahunda y'ubufatanye mu bumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga yakiriye inkunga idasanzwe ya miliyoni 4.15.Hashingiwe ku kumenyekanisha ikoranabuhanga ryateye imbere mu mahanga n’inzobere zo mu rwego rwo hejuru, umushinga ukora ubushakashatsi bw’ikoranabuhanga n’iterambere rishya ry’ibicuruzwa nko kuboneza ibikoresho, gushonga, gushiramo igice kimwe, gutunganya ubushyuhe, n'ibindi. ubushobozi bwo kubyaza umusaruro ibintu bitandukanye bisobanutse neza, binini binini biremereye hamwe na strip.

Kubireba umuringa wa beryllium ukenera, imbaraga, ubukana, kurwanya umunaniro, amashanyarazi hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro wa beryllium umuringa urenze kure iy'umuringa usanzwe.Biruta umuringa wa aluminium, kandi ufite ingaruka nziza zo kurwanya no kugabanya ingufu.Ingot ntigira impungenge zisigaye kandi ahanini ni kimwe.Nibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane muri iki gihe, kandi bikoreshwa cyane mu ndege, kugenda, inganda za gisirikare, inganda za elegitoroniki n’inganda za kirimbuzi.Nyamara, igiciro kinini cyumuringa wa beryllium kigabanya imikoreshereze yacyo munganda zabasivili.Hamwe niterambere ryinganda zigihugu zindege nindege za elegitoroniki, bizera ko ibikoresho bizakoreshwa cyane.

Abashinzwe inganda bemeza ko amavuta ya beryllium-umuringa afite ibyiza byinshi kurenza ayandi mavuta.Iterambere ryiterambere nisoko ryuruhererekane rwibicuruzwa biratanga ikizere, kandi birashobora guhinduka ingingo nshya yiterambere ryubukungu kubigo bitunganya ibyuma bidafite fer.Icyerekezo cyiterambere cyinganda za beryllium-umuringa: iterambere ryibicuruzwa bishya, kuzamura ireme, kwagura igipimo, kuzigama ingufu no kugabanya ibicuruzwa.Abakozi ba siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga mu nganda z’umuringa wa beryllium mu Bushinwa bakoze ubushakashatsi n’iterambere mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, kandi bakora imirimo myinshi yo guhanga udushya bashingiye ku bushakashatsi bwigenga.By'umwihariko ku bijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga n'ibikoresho bidahwitse, binyuze mu mwuka w'igihugu wo kwiteza imbere, gukora cyane, no guhanga udushya, hakorwa ibicuruzwa bikozwe mu muringa wa beryllium yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, ibyo bikaba bikenera ibikoresho bya misiri ya gisirikare ya gisivili na gisivili.

Duhereye ku isesengura ryavuzwe haruguru, urashobora kubona ko mu myaka mike iri imbere, igihugu cyanjye gicukura amabuye y'agaciro ya beryllium hamwe n’amabuye ya beryllium n’ibisabwa biziyongera cyane, kandi ibyifuzo by’isoko ni binini cyane.

Igice cya 2 Gusesengura no Guteganya Ibicuruzwa bya Beriliyumu Ibicuruzwa bisohoka Icyiciro 3 Isesengura n'iteganyagihe ry'isoko rya Beriliyumu

Beryllium ikoreshwa cyane cyane muri electronics, ingufu za atome ninganda zo mu kirere.Umuringa wa Beryllium ni umusemburo ushingiye ku muringa urimo beryllium, kandi ikoreshwa rya beryllium rifite 70% by'ibikoreshwa byose bya beryllium.
Hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryibikoresho byitumanaho nka terefone igendanwa no guteza imbere no gukoresha ibikoresho byamashanyarazi mumamodoka, icyifuzo cyibikoresho bya beryllium umuringa wa alloy ductile bigeze aharindimuka.Gusaba ibikoresho bya beryllium bikozwe mu muringa nabyo biriyongera cyane.Abandi, nk'indege hamwe n'ibikoresho byo gusudira byo gusudira, ibikoresho by'umutekano, ibikoresho bikozwe mu cyuma, n'ibindi, na byo byasabwe cyane.

Mu myaka yashize, hamwe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’igihugu cyanjye cya elegitoroniki, imashini, ingufu za kirimbuzi n’inganda zo mu kirere, isoko ry’ibicuruzwa bya beryllium mu gihugu cyanjye byiyongereye cyane.Ibikenerwa mu bucukuzi bwa beryllium (ukurikije beryllium) mu gihugu cyanjye byiyongereye biva kuri toni 33,6 mu 2003 bigera kuri toni 89,6 muri 2009.

Igice cya 3 Isesengura noguteganya gukoresha amabuye ya beryllium

1. Imiterere yubu yo gukoresha ibicuruzwa

Ibicuruzwa bya beryllium, umuringa wa beryllium, ni igicuruzwa gifite iterambere ryihuse ry’ibikenerwa n’abaguzi mu myaka yashize, kuri ubu kikaba gifite 70% by’ikoreshwa rya beryllium.Ikoreshwa ry'umuringa wa beryllium ryibanda cyane cyane mubijyanye na elegitoroniki, ikirere, ibisasu bya kirimbuzi, n'imashini.

Bitewe n'uburemere bwacyo n'imbaraga nyinshi, ubu beryllium ikoreshwa mubikoresho byinshi byo gufata feri yindege zidasanzwe, kubera ko ifite uburyo bwiza bwo kwinjiza ubushyuhe no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, kandi ubushyuhe butangwa mugihe cya "feri" bizahita bishira.Iyo satelite yisi yubukorikori hamwe nicyogajuru kinyuze mu kirere ku muvuduko mwinshi, guterana hagati yumubiri na molekile zo mu kirere bizatanga ubushyuhe bwinshi.Beryllium ikora nka "jacket yubushyuhe", ikurura ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi ikabisohora vuba cyane.

Umuringa wa Beryllium ufite imiterere yubukanishi kandi wongereye ubukana, kubwibyo rero ni ibikoresho byiza cyane byo gukora imisatsi no kwihuta cyane mumasaha.

Ikintu cyingenzi cyane kiranga nikel irimo umuringa wa beryllium nuko idacana iyo ikubiswe.Iyi ngingo ningirakamaro cyane mugukora ibikoresho byihariye byinganda za gisirikare, peteroli nubucukuzi.Mu nganda zokwirwanaho, beryllium bronze yumuringa nayo ikoreshwa mubice byingenzi bigenda bya moteri ya aero.

Hamwe niterambere rya tekinoroji ya beryllium no kwagura imirima ikoreshwa, ubu ikoreshwa ryibicuruzwa bya beryllium riragurwa.Beryllium imirongo yumuringa irashobora gukoreshwa muguhuza ibyuma bya elegitoronike, guhuza imiyoboro, hamwe nibice byingenzi nka diaphragms, diaphragms, inzogera, koza amasoko, amashanyarazi ya moteri na moteri, umuhuza w'amashanyarazi, ibice by'isaha, ibice by'amajwi, nibindi, ni byinshi ikoreshwa mubikoresho, ibikoresho, mudasobwa, imodoka, ibikoresho byo murugo nizindi nganda.

2. Ubushobozi bunini bwo gukoresha ejo hazaza

Imikorere myiza yibicuruzwa bya beryllium yatumye isoko ryimbere mu gihugu rikomeza kongera ibyifuzo byaryo.igihugu cyanjye cyashimangiye ishoramari mu buhanga bwo gucukura amabuye ya beryllium ndetse n’umusaruro w’umuringa wa beryllium.Mu bihe biri imbere, hamwe no kuzamura ubushobozi bw’umusaruro w’imbere mu gihugu, ibyiringiro byo gukoresha ibicuruzwa no kubishyira mu bikorwa bizaba byiza cyane.

Igice cya 4 Isesengura ryibiciro byamabuye ya beryllium

Muri rusange, igiciro cyibicuruzwa bya beryllium biriyongera, ahanini biterwa nimpamvu zikurikira:

1. Ikwirakwizwa ryumutungo wa beryllium ryibanze cyane;

2. Uruganda rwa Beryllium rufite aho rugarukira, kandi ubushobozi bwo gukora mu gihugu bwibanze;

3. Mu myaka yashize, icyifuzo cyibicuruzwa bya beryllium ku isoko ryimbere mu gihugu byiyongereye vuba, kandi isano iri hagati yo gutanga ibicuruzwa nibisabwa irakomeye;

4. Kuzamuka kw'ibiciro by'ingufu, umurimo n'amabuye y'agaciro.

Igiciro kiriho cya beryllium ni: icyuma cya beryllium 6.000-6.500 yuan / kg (beryllium ≥ 98%);oxyde-beryllium oxyde 1,200 yuan / kg;beryllium y'umuringa wavanze 125,000 Yuan / toni;beryllium aluminiyumu 225.000 yuan / toni;beryllium bronze (275C) 100.000 yuan / toni.

Urebye iterambere ryigihe kizaza, nkumutungo wamabuye y'agaciro udasanzwe, ikiranga umwihariko wumutungo wamabuye y'agaciro - kugarukira, kimwe no kuzamuka kwihuse kw'ibikenewe ku isoko, byanze bikunze bizana ibiciro by'ibicuruzwa byigihe kirekire.

Igice cya 5 Isesengura ryinjiza n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bya Beriliyumu

igihugu cyanjye cya beryllium minerval yoherejwe hanze muburyo butandukanye mumyaka yashize.Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu gihugu ahanini ni ibicuruzwa byongerewe agaciro.

Ku bijyanye n’ibitumizwa mu mahanga, umuringa wa beryllium ni ikibazo gikomeye cya tekiniki mu nganda bitewe n’ikoranabuhanga rikomeye ryo gutunganya, ibikoresho by’umusaruro udasanzwe, umusaruro utoroshye w’inganda n'ibirimo tekinike.Kugeza ubu, igihugu cyanjye gifite ibikoresho byinshi bya beryllium bikozwe mu muringa biterwa cyane n’ibitumizwa mu mahanga.Ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga ahanini biva mu masosiyete abiri, BrushWellman muri Amerika na NGK mu Buyapani.

Inshingano: Iyi ngingo nigitekerezo cyubushakashatsi bwisoko ryiterambere ryubushinwa niterambere ryubukungu n’ikoranabuhanga, kandi ntabwo rihagarariye izindi shingiro zishoramari cyangwa ibipimo ngenderwaho hamwe nindi myitwarire ijyanye nayo.Niba ufite ibindi bibazo, hamagara kuri: 4008099707. Byaravuzwe.