Beryllium, zomwe zili 0.001% mu kutumphuka kwa dziko lapansi, mchere waukulu ndi beryl, beryllium ndi chrysoberyl.Natural beryllium ili ndi isotopu zitatu: beryllium-7, beryllium-8, ndi beryllium-10.Beryllium ndi chitsulo chotuwa chachitsulo;malo osungunuka 1283 ° C, kuwira 2970 ° C, kachulukidwe 1.85 g/cm, beryllium ion radius 0.31 angstroms, yaying'ono kwambiri kuposa zitsulo zina.Makhalidwe a beryllium: The chemical properties of beryllium are active and can make adense surface oxide protective layer.Ngakhale kutentha kofiira, beryllium imakhala yokhazikika kwambiri mumlengalenga.Beryllium sangathe kuchitapo kanthu ndi asidi wochepetsetsa, komanso kupasuka mu alkali wamphamvu, kusonyeza amphoteric.Ma okosijeni ndi ma halides a beryllium ali ndi zinthu zodziwikiratu, zopangira za beryllium zimawola mosavuta m'madzi, ndipo beryllium imatha kupanganso ma polima ndi ma covalent omwe ali ndi kukhazikika kwamafuta.

Beryllium, monga lithiamu, imapanganso wosanjikiza woteteza oxide, kotero imakhala yokhazikika mumlengalenga ngakhale itakhala yofiira.Sasungunuke m'madzi ozizira, sungunuka pang'ono m'madzi otentha, sungunuka mu dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute sulfuric acid ndi potaziyamu hydroxide solution kuti mutulutse haidrojeni.Metal beryllium imakhala ndi chitsulo chopanda mpweya wa sodium ngakhale pa kutentha kwambiri.Beryllium ili ndi 2 valence state yabwino ndipo imatha kupanga ma polima komanso gulu lamagulu ophatikizika okhala ndi kukhazikika kwamafuta.

Beryllium ndi mankhwala ake ndi oopsa kwambiri.Ngakhale mitundu ingapo ya beryllium imapezeka pansi pa dziko lapansi, ikadali yosowa kwambiri, yomwe imapanga 32 yokha ya zinthu zonse zapadziko lapansi.Mtundu ndi maonekedwe a beryllium ndi silvery woyera kapena chitsulo imvi, ndi zili kutumphuka: 2.6 × 10%

Mankhwala a beryllium akugwira ntchito, ndipo pali mitundu 8 ya beryllium isotopes yomwe yapezeka: kuphatikizapo beryllium 6, beryllium 7, beryllium 8, beryllium 9, beryllium 10, beryllium 11, beryllium 12, beryllium 14, yomwe ndi beryllium 14 yokha. 9 ndi yokhazikika, ma Isotopu ena ali ndi radioactive.M'chilengedwe, imapezeka mu beryl, beryllium ndi chrysoberyl ore, ndipo beryllium imagawidwa mu beryl ndi diso la mphaka.Mwala wokhala ndi Beryllium uli ndi mitundu yambiri yowonekera, yamitundu yokongola ndipo wakhala mwala wamtengo wapatali kwambiri kuyambira kalekale.

Miyala yamtengo wapatali yolembedwa m'mabuku akale a ku China, monga mwala wa mphaka, diso la paka, ndi opal, zomwe anthu ambiri amadziwikanso kuti chrysoberyl, miyala ya beryllium ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya beryl.Itha kupezedwa ndi electrolysis ya beryllium chloride yosungunuka kapena beryllium hydroxide.

High-purity beryllium ndiwonso gwero lofunikira la ma neutroni othamanga.Mosakayikira, ndizofunikira kwambiri pamapangidwe a kutentha kwazitsulo muzitsulo za nyukiliya, mwachitsanzo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati nyutroni woyang'anira muzitsulo za nyukiliya.Ma aloyi amkuwa a Beryllium amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zomwe sizipanga zopsereza, monga mbali zazikulu zosuntha zamainjini ofunikira aero-injini, zida zolondola, ndi zina zambiri. Ndikoyenera kutchula kuti beryllium yakhala chinthu chowoneka bwino cha ndege ndi zoponya chifukwa cha kuwala kwake. kulemera, modulus yapamwamba ya elasticity ndi kukhazikika kwabwino kwa kutentha.Mwachitsanzo, m’mapulojekiti aŵiri a zakuthambo a Cassini Saturn probe ndi Mars rover, United States yagwiritsira ntchito zigawo zambiri zachitsulo za beryllium pofuna kuchepetsa kulemera.
Dziwani kuti beryllium ndi poizoni.Makamaka mu kiyubiki mita iliyonse ya mpweya, bola ngati milligram imodzi ya fumbi la beryllium ingapangitse anthu kutenga chibayo chachikulu - matenda a m'mapapo a beryllium.makampani opanga zitsulo m'dziko langa achepetsa zomwe zili mu beryllium mu kiyubiki mita imodzi ya mpweya kufika ku zosakwana 1/100,000 gramu, ndikuthetsa bwino vuto la chitetezo ku poizoni wa beryllium.

M'malo mwake, zinthu za beryllium ndizoopsa kwambiri kuposa beryllium, ndipo zida za beryllium zimapanga zinthu zosungunuka ngati odzola m'thupi la nyama ndi madzi a m'magazi, zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi hemoglobin ndikupanga chinthu chatsopano chomwe chimapangitsa kuti zotupa zosiyanasiyana zichitike m'minyewa ndi ziwalo, komanso beryllium. m'mapapo ndi mafupa angayambitsenso khansa.