Beryllium yachitsulo chosowa kwambiri ndi mchere wofunikira, womwe umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupanga mafakitale apamwamba.Pali mitundu yopitilira 100 ya mchere yomwe ili ndi chitsulo cha beryllium m'chilengedwe, ndipo mitundu yopitilira 20 ndiyofala.Pakati pawo, beryl (zomwe zili mu beryllium oxide zimakhala 9.26% ~ 14.40%), hydroxysiliconite (zomwe zili mu beryllium oxide zimakhala ndi 39.6% ~ 42.6%) %) ndi silicon beryllium (43.60% mpaka 45.67% beryllium oxide). ma mineral atatu omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndi beryllium.Monga zopangira za beryllium, beryl ndi beryllium ndi zinthu zamchere zomwe zili ndi beryllium zokhala ndi mtengo wapamwamba wamalonda.Ngakhale pali mitundu yambiri ya miyala ya beryllium m'chilengedwe, ambiri aiwo amalumikizidwa ndi ma depositi ogwirizana.Pali mitundu itatu ya madipoziti yomwe imagwirizana ndi zinthu zitatu zomwe zimakhala ndi mchere wa beryllium: mtundu woyamba ndi ma depositi a beryl granite pegmatite, omwe amagawidwa makamaka ku Brazil, India, Russia ndi United States;mtundu wachiwiri ndi hydroxysilicon beryllium mu tuff.Miyala yopangidwa ndi miyala;mtundu wachitatu ndi chitsulo chosowa chosungira cha siliceous beryllium mu syenite complex.Mu 2009, Komiti ya US Department of Defense Strategic Materials Protection Committee yazindikira zitsulo za beryllium zoyera kwambiri ngati chinthu chofunikira kwambiri.United States ndi dziko lomwe lili ndi zinthu zambiri za beryllium padziko lonse lapansi, lomwe lili ndi matani pafupifupi 21,000 a beryllium ore reserves, omwe amawerengera 7.7% ya nkhokwe zapadziko lonse lapansi.Nthawi yomweyo, United States ndi dziko lomwe lili ndi mbiri yayitali kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito zinthu za beryllium.Chifukwa chake, kupezeka ndi kufunikira kwamakampani a beryllium ore ku United States ndi kusintha kwake kumakhudza kwambiri kaphatikizidwe kake kagayidwe kazakudya zapadziko lonse lapansi kaberyllium ore.Pachifukwa ichi, pepala ili likuwunika momwe makampani a beryllium ore amagwirira ntchito ku United States, ndikuwunikanso mfundo zazikuluzikulu zamafakitale zamakampani a beryllium ore ku United States, ndikutulutsa zolimbikitsa, ndikuyika malingaliro oyenera kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha mafakitale a beryllium ore m'dziko langa.

1 Njira yoperekera ndi kufunikira kwamakampani a beryllium ore ku United States

1.1 Kuwunika kwazomwe zikuchitika pamakampani a beryllium ore ku United States

Deta ya 2020 yochokera ku United States Geological Survey (USGS) ikuwonetsa kuti nkhokwe zapadziko lonse za zinthu za beryllium zadziwika kuti ndi matani oposa 100,000, omwe pafupifupi 60% ali ku United States.Mu 2018, kupanga mgodi wa beryllium ku US (zazitsulo) zinali pafupifupi 165t, zomwe zimawerengera 68.75% yapadziko lonse lapansi (zazitsulo).Dera la Spor Mountain ku Utah, chigawo cha Butte cha mapiri a McCullough ku Nevada, dera la Black Mountain ku South Dakota, chigawo cha Sierra Blanca ku Texas, Seward Peninsula kumadzulo kwa Alaska, ndi dera la Utah. kumene zinthu za beryllium zimakhazikika.United States ndi dziko lomwe lili ndi nkhokwe zazikulu kwambiri za beryllium silicate padziko lapansi.Malo a Spo Mountain ku Utah ndi omwe amaimira mtundu uwu wa deposit.Zosungirako zotsimikiziridwa za beryllium zafika matani 18,000.Zambiri mwazinthu za beryllium ku United States zimachokera ku gawoli.

American Materion ili ndi mafakitale athunthu a beryllium ore ndi beryllium makamaka migodi, kupanga ndi kupanga, ndipo ndi mtsogoleri wamakampani padziko lonse lapansi.Kumtunda kwa unyolo wamakampani a beryllium ndikukumba ndikuwunika miyala ya mgodi, ndikupeza zida zazikulu za hydroxysilicon beryllium (90%) ndi beryl (10%).Beryllium hydroxide;ambiri a beryllium hydroxide amasandulika kukhala oyeretsa kwambiri beryllium okusayidi, zitsulo za beryllium ndi ma aloyi a beryllium kudzera munjira zosiyanasiyana zopangira kunsi kwa unyolo wa mafakitale, ndipo zina zimagulitsidwa mwachindunji.Malinga ndi data ya 2015 yochokera ku United States Geological Survey (USGS), zinthu zakumunsi zamakampani aku US beryllium zimaphatikizapo 80% beryllium copper alloy, 15% beryllium chitsulo ndi 5% mchere wina, womwe umapangidwa ngati zojambula, ndodo. , pepala ndi chubu.Zogulitsa za Beryllium zimalowa m'malo ogula.

1.2 Kuwunika Pakufunidwa kwa US Beryllium Ore Industry

United States ndiyomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mchere wambiri wa beryllium padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kumakhala pafupifupi 90% yazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi.Mu 2018, kugwiritsidwa ntchito konse kwa beryllium ku United States (zachitsulo) kunali 202t, ndipo kudalira kwakunja (chiwerengero cha kulowetsedwa kwaukonde kuti chiwonekere) chinali pafupifupi 18.32%.

Makina amakampani a beryllium aku US ali ndi ma terminals osiyanasiyana ogula, kuphatikiza zida zamafakitale, zakuthambo ndi chitetezo, zamagetsi zamagalimoto, zamagetsi zamagetsi, zomangamanga zama telecom, ndi mafakitale amagetsi.Zogulitsa zosiyanasiyana zapansi panthaka zimalowa m'malo osiyanasiyana ogula.Pafupifupi 55% ya malo ogula zitsulo za beryllium amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani ankhondo ndi sayansi yachilengedwe, 25% amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ndi mafakitale azamlengalenga, 9% amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani opanga ma telecommunications, ndipo 6% amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu. makampani.M'makampani azachipatala, 5% yazinthuzo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ena.31% ya beryllium zamkuwa zamkuwa zogwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ndi mafakitale ogulitsa zakuthambo, 20% mumakampani opanga zamagetsi, 17% m'makampani opanga zamagetsi, 12% m'makampani amagetsi, 11% m'makampani opanga ma telecommunications. , 7% ya makampani opanga zida zapakhomo, ndi 2% ina ya mafakitale achitetezo ndi azachipatala.

1.3 Kuwunika kwa Kusintha kwa Kasamalidwe ndi Kufuna Kwamakampani a Beryllium Ore ku US

Kuchokera mu 1991 mpaka 1997, kupezeka ndi kufunikira kwa mafakitale a beryllium ore ku United States kunali koyenera, ndipo kudalira kochokera kunja kunali kosakwana 35t.

Kuyambira 2010 mpaka 2012, kupezeka ndi kufunikira kwa mafakitale a beryllium ore ku United States kunasintha kwambiri, makamaka mu 2010, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kunafika pachimake cha 456t, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ndalama zogulira kunja kudafika 276t.Kuyambira 2013, kupezeka ndi kufunikira kwa mafakitale a beryllium ore ku United States kwacheperachepera, ndipo kuitanitsa kunja kwakhala kochepa.Nthawi zambiri, kupezeka ndi kufunikira kwa zinthu zamchere za beryllium ku United States kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi momwe zinthu ziliri padziko lonse lapansi komanso mfundo zazachuma zapakhomo.Pakati pawo, kutuluka kwa mgodi wa beryllium ku United States kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi vuto la mafuta padziko lonse ndi mavuto azachuma, ndipo kusintha kwa kufunikira kumakhudzidwa ndi chitukuko cha zachuma ndi ndondomeko zake.

Monga wopanga wamkulu wa zinthu za beryllium ore ku United States, mu 2017, malo otsimikiziridwa a Materion Company a beryllium feldspar ku Juab County, Utah, United States anali matani 7.37 miliyoni, pomwe pafupifupi beryllium anali 0.248%, ndi beryllium. -ore anali pafupifupi 18,300 matani.Mwa iwo, Materion Company Ili ndi 90% ya nkhokwe zotsimikizika zamchere.Chifukwa chake, kupezeka kwamtsogolo kwa zinthu zamchere za beryllium ku United States kudzakhalabe patsogolo padziko lonse lapansi.Mu kotala yoyamba ya 2018, Materion's beryllium-rich-rich-performance alloys and composite gawo adawona kuwonjezeka kwa 28% pa malonda owonjezerapo poyerekeza ndi 2017;mu theka loyamba la 2019, Materion Kampaniyo inanena kuti malonda ake onse a beryllium alloy strip ndi zinthu zambiri, komanso zitsulo za beryllium ndi zinthu zophatikizika, zidakwera ndi 6% chaka ndi chaka mu 2018, kutsika kwakukulu.Malinga ndi kafukufuku wochokera ku United States Geological Survey (USGS), pepalali likulosera za kupezeka ndi kufunikira kwa mchere wa beryllium ku United States mu 2025, 2030 ndi 2035. Zitha kuwoneka kuti kuyambira 2020 mpaka 2035, kupanga ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zinthu za beryllium ore ku United States sizikhala bwino, ndipo kupanga kwake kwapakhomo kwa zinthu za beryllium ore kumakhalabe kovuta kukwaniritsa zosowa zake, ndipo kusiyanako kumakonda kukula.

2. Kuwunika kwa njira yamalonda yamakampani a beryllium ore ku United States

2.1 Malonda a mchere wa beryllium ku United States asintha kuchoka kumayiko ena kupita kumayiko ena.

Dziko la United States ndilogulitsa kunja kwambiri zinthu za mchere wa beryllium komanso wogulitsa kunja kwa mchere wa beryllium.Kupyolera mu malonda apadziko lonse, zinthu zoyambirira za beryllium zochokera kudziko lonse lapansi zimapita ku United States, ndipo United States imaperekanso zinthu zomaliza za beryllium ndi zomaliza za beryllium ku mayiko ena padziko lapansi.Zambiri zochokera ku United States Geological Survey (USGS) zikuwonetsa kuti mu 2018, voliyumu (zachitsulo) yazinthu zamchere za beryllium ku United States zinali 67t, voliyumu yotumiza kunja (zachitsulo) inali 30t, ndi zotengera (zachitsulo) ) kufika pa 37t.

2.2 Kusintha kwa mabizinesi akuluakulu a US beryllium mineral products

M'zaka zaposachedwa, ogulitsa katundu wa beryllium ku United States ndi Canada, China, United Kingdom, Germany, Japan ndi mayiko ena.Mu 2017, United States idatumiza zinthu zamchere za beryllium ku Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Japan ndi mayiko ena, zomwe zimawerengera 56%, 18%, 11%, 7%, 4% ndi 4% yazogulitsa zake zonse, motsatana.Pakati pawo, US unwrought beryllium ore mankhwala (kuphatikizapo ufa) zimagulitsidwa ku Argentina 62%, South Korea 14%, Canada 9%, Germany 5% ndi UK 5%;maiko ndi madera aku US beryllium ore ore ndi Canada adatenga 66%, Taiwan, China 34%;US beryllium zitsulo zotumiza kunja mayiko ndi mlandu 58% ku Canada, 13% ku Germany, 8% ku France, 5% ku Japan ndi 4% ku United Kingdom.

2.3 Kusintha kwa mitengo yogulitsira ndi kutumiza kunja kwa zinthu za mchere wa beryllium ku United States

Zogulitsa za beryllium zomwe zimatumizidwa ku United States ndizosiyana kwambiri, kuphatikizapo zitsulo za beryllium, beryllium ore and concentrate, beryllium copper sheet, beryllium copper master alloy, beryllium oxide ndi beryllium hydroxide, beryllium hydroxide (kuphatikiza ufa) ndi zinyalala za beryllium.Mu 2017, dziko la United States linaitanitsa 61.8t ya zinthu za beryllium ore (zofanana ndi zitsulo), zomwe zitsulo za beryllium, beryllium oxide ndi beryllium hydroxide (zofanana ndi zitsulo) ndi flakes zamkuwa za beryllium (zofanana ndi zitsulo) zinapanga 38% ya zonse. imports, motero.6%, 14%.Kulemera kochokera kunja kwa beryllium oxide ndi beryllium hydroxide ndi 10.6t, mtengo wake ndi 112,000 madola aku US, ndipo mtengo wogula ndi 11 US dollars / kg;kulemera kwakukulu kwa pepala lamkuwa la beryllium ndi 589t, mtengo wake ndi madola 8990 zikwi za US, ndipo mtengo wamtengo wapatali ndi madola 15 a US / kg;Mtengo wolowetsa zitsulo unali $83/kg.

3. Kuwunika kwa US Beryllium Industry Policy

3.1 Ndondomeko yoyendetsera makampani a beryllium ku US

United States ndi amodzi mwa mayiko oyamba kugwiritsa ntchito zowongolera zotumiza kunja kuzinthu zapakhomo ndi zakunja ndikukwaniritsa zofuna zake zazikulu zadziko.Lamulo la Trade Control Act la 1949 linayala maziko a njira zamakono zoyendetsera katundu ku US.Mu 1979, "Export Administration Law" ndi "Export Control Regulations" inkayang'anira kutumiza kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pawiri, matekinoloje ndi ntchito zina zofananira, ndikuti kuchuluka kwa zinthu zamchere kumayenera kukhala molingana ndi malo ake osungiramo mchere. .Zilolezo zotumiza kunja ku United States zimaphatikizapo ziphaso wamba ndi zilolezo zapadera.Zilolezo zonse zimangofunika kupereka chilengezo chotumiza kunja kwa kasitomu;pomwe ziphaso zapadera ziyenera kutumiza fomu ku Unduna wa Zamalonda.Musanavomereze, malonda onse ndi chidziwitso chaukadaulo ndizoletsedwa kutumiza kunja.Njira yoperekera ziphaso zogulitsa kunja kwa minerals imatengera zinthu monga gulu, mtengo ndi dziko lotumizira katunduyo.Zogulitsa zamchere zomwe zimakhudza chitetezo cha dziko kapena zoletsedwa mwachindunji kutumizidwa kunja sizili m'gulu la ziphaso zotumiza kunja.M'zaka zaposachedwa, United States yachita zosintha zingapo pazowongolera zogulitsa kunja, monga Export Control Reform Act yomwe idaperekedwa mu 2018, yomwe imakulitsa maulamuliro otumizira kunja, kutumizanso kunja kapena kusamutsa matekinoloje omwe akubwera komanso oyambira.Malinga ndi malamulo omwe ali pamwambawa, dziko la United States limangotumiza kunja kwa chitsulo choyera beryllium ku mayiko enaake, ndipo limati zitsulo za beryllium zochokera ku United States sizingagulitsidwe ku mayiko ena popanda chilolezo cha boma la US.

3.2 Limbikitsani kutumiza katundu kumayiko ena kuti muwongolere kaperekedwe kazinthu zakunja kwa beryllium

Boma la US likuchirikiza kutumizidwa kwa ndalama kunja makamaka ndi makampani amigodi a mayiko osiyanasiyana, ndipo amalimbikitsa makampaniwa kuti agwire mwamphamvu kufufuza mchere, migodi, kukonza, kusungunula ndi kutsatsa malonda kuti atenge, adziwe ndikuwongolera maziko opangira miyala ya beryllium yakunja.Mwachitsanzo, dziko la US limayang'anira Ulba Metallurgical Plant ku Kazakhstan pogwiritsa ntchito ndalama ndi luso lamakono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale malo akuluakulu opangira zinthu zachitsulo ku United States.Kazakhstan ndi dziko lofunika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi lomwe lingathe migodi ndi kuchotsa miyala ya beryllium ndi kukonza ma alloys a beryllium.Urba Metallurgical Plant ndi bizinesi yayikulu yophatikiza zitsulo ku Kazakhstan.Zopangira zazikulu za beryllium ore zimaphatikizapo zida za beryllium, zinthu za beryllium, beryllium Copper master alloy, beryllium aluminium master alloy ndi mbali zosiyanasiyana za beryllium oxide, etc., zimapanga 170-190t/a za beryllium ore ore.Kupyolera mu kulowa kwa ndalama ndi luso lamakono, United States yasintha bwino Urba Metallurgical Plant kukhala malo opangira zinthu za beryllium ndi ma alloys a beryllium ku United States.Kuphatikiza pa Kazakhstan, Japan ndi Brazil zakhalanso ogulitsa akuluakulu a beryllium ku United States.Kuonjezera apo, dziko la United States lalimbikitsanso mwachidwi kukhazikitsidwa kwa mgwirizano wamagulu ndi mayiko ena omwe ali ndi mchere wambiri.Mwachitsanzo, mu 2019, United States idafika pamigwirizano khumi ndi migodi ndi Australia, Argentina, Brazil ndi mayiko ena kuti zitsimikizire kukhazikika kwazinthu zamchere zam'nyumba.

3.3 US beryllium mineral product import and export price

Poyerekeza mitengo yamtengo wapatali ya beryllium zitsulo ku United States, imapezeka kuti mu malonda a mayiko a beryllium ore, United States sichitha kugulitsa zitsulo za beryllium ku mayiko ena ndi madera padziko lapansi pamtengo wapamwamba, komanso pezani zitsulo za beryllium kuchokera kumayiko ena pamtengo wotsikirapo.Ndilo kukhudzidwa kwamphamvu kwa boma la United States muzomera zake zazikulu.Boma la US nthawi zambiri limakhazikitsa mgwirizano wamgwirizano ndi mayiko ena padziko lapansi, poyesa kuwongolera mtengo wamtengo wapadziko lonse wa mchere wa beryllium kudzera m'magwirizano ndi mapangano, ndikukulitsa zofuna zake.Kuphatikiza apo, United States yayesanso kukonzanso ndale ndi zachuma padziko lonse lapansi m'malo mwake chifukwa cha mikangano yamalonda ndikufooketsa mphamvu zamitengo yamayiko ena pazogulitsa zamchere.Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, United States inasaina mapangano angapo otetezera malonda ndi Japan kupyolera mu "kufufuza kwa 301" ndi kufufuza kotsutsa kutaya zinthu kuti athe kulamulira kuchuluka kwa zipangizo za semiconductor zomwe zimatumizidwa kuchokera ku Japan kupita ku United States ndikuwunika mitengo yamtengo wapatali. Zogulitsa zaku Japan zotumizidwa ku United States.

4. Kudzoza ndi malangizo

4.1 Chibvumbulutso

Pomaliza, zikuwoneka kuti ndondomeko ya mafakitale ku United States yopita ku chuma chamtengo wapatali cha beryllium imachokera ku chitetezo cha ndale ndi zachuma cha dziko, zomwe zimapatsa dziko langa kudzoza kwambiri.Choyamba, pazachuma zaukadaulo, mbali imodzi, tiyenera kukhazikika pazopezeka zapakhomo, ndipo kumbali ina, tiyenera kukulitsa kugawa kwazinthu padziko lonse lapansi popanga mikhalidwe yabwino yamalonda yapadziko lonse lapansi;Ndikofunikira poyambira kukhathamiritsa kwapadziko lonse lapansi ndikugawa chuma chamchere.Choncho, kupereka masewero athunthu ku ntchito ya ndalama zakunja za ndalama zapadera komanso kulimbikitsa mwamphamvu luso lazopangapanga la strategic mineral resources ndi njira ina yofunika yopititsira patsogolo chitetezo cha migodi ya mchere ya dziko langa.Kulimbikitsa mawu a dziko lapansi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yosungitsira chitetezo chamkhalidwe wa chuma cha dziko.Kupyolera mu kukhazikitsidwa kwa mgwirizano wapafupi ndi mayiko okhudzidwa, United States yakweza kwambiri ufulu wake wolankhula ndi kulamulira mitengo yamtengo wapatali ya migodi, yomwe ikuyenera kuyang'anitsitsa kwambiri dziko lathu.

4.2 Malangizo

1) Konzani njira yofufuzira ndikuyesetsa kukulitsa zosungirako za beryllium mdziko langa.Beryllium yotsimikiziridwa m'dziko langa imayang'aniridwa ndi mchere wogwirizana, makamaka wokhudzana ndi lithiamu, niobium ndi tantalum ore (48%), kutsatiridwa ndi ore ore lapansi (27%) kapena tungsten ore (20%).Choncho, m'pofunika kupeza paokha beryllium miyala mu beryllium kugwirizana migodi m'dera, makamaka mu tungsten migodi m'dera, ndi kupanga kukhala yofunika njira yatsopano ya kufufuza beryllium miyala m'dziko langa.Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito mokwanira njira zachikhalidwe ndi matekinoloje atsopano monga geophysical remote sensing zitha kukulitsa ukadaulo wofufuza zamchere zamdziko langa komanso njira zowunikira miyala, zomwe zimathandizira kupititsa patsogolo kufufuza kwa miyala ya beryllium m'dziko langa.

2) Pangani mgwirizano waukadaulo waukadaulo waukadaulo kuti mupititse patsogolo kupikisana kwa zinthu za beryllium zapamwamba.Msika wogwiritsira ntchito zinthu za beryllium ore m'dziko langa ndi wobwerera m'mbuyo, ndipo mpikisano wapadziko lonse wopanga zinthu zamtengo wapatali wa beryllium ndi wofooka.Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito luso la sayansi ndiukadaulo kupititsa patsogolo mpikisano wamsika wapadziko lonse wa zinthu za beryllium ore ndiye njira yamtsogolo ya zoyeserera za opanga zinthu za beryllium ore mdziko langa.Kusiyanitsa kwa kukula ndi malo ogwirira ntchito a beryllium ore kumatsimikizira kuti kusintha ndi kukweza kwa mafakitale a beryllium ore kuyenera kudalira mgwirizano pakati pa boma ndi mabizinesi.Kuti izi zitheke, madipatimenti aboma oyenerera akuyenera kulimbikitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mgwirizano pakati pa boma ndi mabizinesi, kuonjezeranso ndalama zaukadaulo wasayansi ndiukadaulo ndikuthandizira mfundo zamabizinesi oyenera, ndikulimbikitsa mgwirizano ndi mabizinesi mu kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha beryllium ore, woyendetsa. kuyezetsa, makulitsidwe, zambiri, etc. Gwirani ntchito limodzi kulimbikitsa kusintha ndi kukweza kwa beryllium ore mankhwala, ndi kumanga maziko kupanga zinthu apamwamba mapeto beryllium m'dziko langa, kuti patsogolo msika mpikisano padziko lonse wa mankhwala beryllium ore.

3) Mothandizidwa ndi mayiko omwe ali m'mphepete mwa "Belt ndi Road", sinthani mawu apadziko lonse lapansi amakampani amigodi a beryllium mdziko langa.Kusowa kwa ufulu wa dziko langa kulankhula mu malonda a mayiko a beryllium mchere zinthu kumabweretsa zinthu osauka malonda mayiko a beryllium mchere mankhwala ku China.Kuti izi zitheke, malinga ndi kusintha kwa chilengedwe cha mayiko a geopolitical, dziko langa liyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mokwanira ubwino wowonjezera wa mayiko omwe ali pa "Belt ndi Road" ndi dziko langa pazinthu, kulimbikitsa ndalama zamigodi m'mayiko ndi zigawo zomwe zili panjira, ndikuchita ma diplomacy azinthu zonse.Pofuna kuthana bwino ndi chiwopsezo cha nkhondo yamalonda ya Sino-US pakupereka bwino kwa zinthu zamchere zadziko langa, dziko langa liyenera kulimbikitsa mgwirizano ndi mayiko omwe ali pa "Belt and Road",