Beryllium, cov ntsiab lus uas yog 0.001% nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust, lub ntsiab minerals yog beryl, beryllium thiab chrysoberyl.Ntuj beryllium muaj peb isotopes: beryllium-7, beryllium-8, thiab beryllium-10.Beryllium yog hlau grey hlau;melting point 1283 ° C, boiling point 2970 ° C, ceev 1.85 g / cm, beryllium ion radius 0.31 angstroms, ntau me dua lwm yam hlau.Cov yam ntxwv ntawm beryllium: Cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm beryllium muaj zog thiab tuaj yeem tsim cov txheej txheej oxide tiv thaiv ntom ntom.Txawm tias nyob rau hauv liab kub, beryllium yog ruaj khov heev nyob rau hauv cov huab cua.Beryllium tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog cuam tshuam nrog dilute acid, tab sis kuj yaj hauv cov alkali muaj zog, qhia amphoteric.Oxides thiab halides ntawm beryllium muaj cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, beryllium tebchaw tau yooj yim decomposed hauv dej, thiab beryllium tuaj yeem tsim cov polymers thiab covalent compounds nrog pom tseeb thermal stability.

Beryllium, zoo li lithium, kuj tsim cov txheej tiv thaiv oxide, yog li nws ruaj khov hauv huab cua txawm tias nws kub liab.Insoluble nyob rau hauv dej txias, me ntsis soluble nyob rau hauv dej kub, soluble nyob rau hauv dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute sulfuric acid thiab poov tshuaj hydroxide tov kom tso hydrogen.Hlau beryllium muaj qhov tseem ceeb corrosion tsis kam rau oxygen-dawb sodium hlau txawm tias kub dua.Beryllium muaj qhov zoo 2 valence xeev thiab tuaj yeem tsim cov polymers nrog rau cov chav kawm ntawm covalent compounds nrog cov thermal stability.

Beryllium thiab nws cov tebchaw muaj tshuaj lom heev.Txawm hais tias muaj ntau hom beryllium pom nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust, nws tseem tsawg heev, tsuas yog 32nd ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.Cov xim thiab cov tsos ntawm beryllium yog silvery dawb los yog steel grey, thiab cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub crust: 2.6 × 10%

Cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm beryllium yog nquag, thiab muaj 8 hom beryllium isotopes uas tau pom: suav nrog beryllium 6, beryllium 7, beryllium 8, beryllium 9, beryllium 10, beryllium 11, beryllium 12, beryllium 14, ntawm cov uas tsuas yog beryllium beryllium. 9 yog ruaj khov, lwm yam Isotopes yog cov xov tooj cua.Nyob rau hauv cov xwm, nws muaj nyob rau hauv beryl, beryllium thiab chrysoberyl ore, thiab beryllium yog faib nyob rau hauv beryl thiab miv lub qhov muag.Beryllium-bearing ore muaj ntau pob tshab, xim zoo nkauj sib txawv thiab tau ua lub pov haum tseem ceeb tshaj plaws txij li lub sijhawm qub.

Gemstones sau nyob rau hauv ancient Suav cov ntaub ntawv, xws li miv essence, los yog miv essence pob zeb, miv lub qhov muag, thiab opal, uas yog tseem hu ua chrysoberyl los ntawm ntau tus neeg, cov beryllium-muaj ores yog qhov txawv ntawm beryl.Nws tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm electrolysis ntawm molten beryllium chloride lossis beryllium hydroxide.

High-purity beryllium kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov neutrons ceev.Undoubtedly, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau kev tsim cov cua kub exchangers nyob rau hauv nuclear reactors, piv txwv li, nws yog tsuas yog siv raws li ib tug neutron moderator nyob rau hauv nuclear reactors.Beryllium tooj liab alloys yog siv los ua cov cuab yeej uas tsis tsim cov sparks, xws li cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuab aero-engines, precision instruments, thiab lwm yam. hnyav, siab modulus ntawm elasticity thiab zoo thermal stability.Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ob qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm Cassini Saturn sojntsuam thiab Mars rover, Tebchaws Meskas tau siv ntau cov hlau beryllium txhawm rau txo qhov hnyav.
Nco ntsoov tias beryllium yog tshuaj lom.Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv txhua lub cubic meter ntawm huab cua, ntev npaum li ib milligram ntawm beryllium plua plav tuaj yeem ua rau tib neeg kis mob ntsws - kab mob beryllium ntsws.kuv lub teb chaws kev lag luam metallurgical tau txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm beryllium hauv ib lub cubic meter ntawm huab cua kom tsawg dua 1/100,000 gram, thiab ua tiav cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm kev tiv thaiv beryllium lom.

Qhov tseeb, beryllium tebchaw muaj tshuaj lom ntau dua li beryllium, thiab beryllium compounds tsim cov tshuaj zoo li jelly zoo li hauv cov tsiaj cov ntaub so ntswg thiab ntshav, uas nyob rau hauv lem chemically reacts nrog hemoglobin los tsim ib yam khoom tshiab uas ua rau ntau yam kab mob tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg thiab kabmob, thiab beryllium. hauv lub ntsws thiab cov pob txha kuj tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog noj ntshav.