Beryllium yog cov hlau uas muaj kev txhawj xeeb loj rau cov tub rog loj hauv ntiaj teb.Tom qab ntau tshaj 50 xyoo ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ywj pheej, kuv lub teb chaws txoj kev lag luam beryllium tau pib ua tiav kev lag luam.Hauv kev lag luam beryllium, hlau beryllium yog siv tsawg tshaj plaws tab sis tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.Nws muaj cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv hauv tebchaws, aerospace thiab lub zog nuclear.Nws yog lub tswv yim thiab cov peev txheej tseem ceeb ntsig txog kev ruaj ntseg hauv tebchaws;Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog beryllium tooj liab alloy, uas yog dav siv nyob rau hauv industrial teb.Tebchaws Meskas tau txwv tsis pub dawb beryllium thiab beryllium tooj liab master alloys rau Tuam Tshoj.Beryllium tooj liab alloy yog cov khoom siv tsis-ferrous alloy elastic nrog cov khoom zoo heev, lub npe hu ua "tus huab tais ntawm elasticity", nrog lub zog siab, siab hardness, corrosion tsis kam, siab hluav taws xob conductivity, siab thermal conductivity, qaug zog, corrosion kuj, elasticity. Nws muaj kev ua tau zoo heev xws li me me hysteresis, tsis muaj hlau nplaum, thiab tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam thaum cuam tshuam.Yog li ntawd, daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb ntawm beryllium yog beryllium tooj liab alloy, thiab nws tau kwv yees tias 65% ntawm beryllium nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm beryllium tooj liab alloy.

1. Txheej txheem cej luam ntawm txawv teb chaws beryllium kev lag luam

Tam sim no, tsuas yog Tebchaws Meskas, Kazakhstan thiab Tuam Tshoj muaj kev ua tiav kev lag luam ntawm beryllium los ntawm beryllium ore mining, extraction metallurgy rau beryllium hlau thiab alloy ua rau ntawm kev lag luam.Kev lag luam beryllium hauv Tebchaws Meskas yog qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, sawv cev rau lub ntiaj teb no technology ntau lawm theem ntawm beryllium, thiab muaj ib tug kiag li zoo dua nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no beryllium kev lag luam, ua thiab ua.Tebchaws Asmeskas tswj hwm kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb hauv kev lag luam beryllium los ntawm kev muab cov beryllium raw, semi-tiav, thiab cov khoom tiav rau ntau lub tuam txhab beryllium khoom thoob ntiaj teb, ob qho tib si hauv Tebchaws Meskas thiab txawv teb chaws.Nyiv yog txwv los ntawm qhov tsis muaj beryllium ore cov peev txheej thiab tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm tag nrho cov kev lag luam saw, tab sis nws muaj cov cuab yeej siv qib siab hauv kev ua haujlwm thib ob thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam beryllium thoob ntiaj teb.
American Materion (yav tas los Brash Wellman) yog tib lub chaw tsim khoom hauv ntiaj teb uas tuaj yeem tsim txhua yam khoom siv beryllium.Muaj ob lub koom haum loj.Ib lub tuam txhab tsim cov khoom siv beryllium alloys hauv kev lag luam, beryllium tooj liab alloy daim hlau, strips, xov hlau, raj, rods, thiab lwm yam.;thiab cov ntaub ntawv kho qhov muag-qib beryllium, nrog rau cov nqi siab beryllium-aluminium alloys rau kev siv dav hlau.NGK Corporation yog lub thib ob loj tshaj plaws beryllium tooj liab chaw tsim tshuaj paus nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, yav tas los hu ua NGK Hlau Corporation.Pib tsim beryllium tooj liab alloys hauv xyoo 1958 thiab yog ib lub koom haum ua lag luam ntawm NipponGaishi Co., Ltd. (NipponGaishi).Nyob rau hauv 1986, Nippon Insulator Co., Ltd. tau yuav lub beryllium tooj liab ceg ntawm Cabot Corporation ntawm lub tebchaws United States thiab hloov nws lub npe mus rau NGK, yog li tsim ib tug teeb meem los sib tw nrog Materion Corporation ntawm lub tebchaws United States nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm beryllium tooj liab.Obstruction Hlau yog lub ntiaj teb loj tshaj plaws importer ntawm beryllium oxide (qhov tseem ceeb ntshuam yog Materion hauv Tebchaws Meskas thiab Ulba Metallurgical Cog hauv Kazakhstan).NGK lub peev xwm tsim tau txhua xyoo ntawm beryllium tooj liab yog kwv yees ntau dua 6,000 tons.Lub Urba Metallurgical Cog yog tib lub beryllium smelting thiab ua cov nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv lub qub Soviet Union thiab tam sim no yog ib feem ntawm Kazakhstan.Ua ntej lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Soviet Union, zus tau tej cov beryllium ntawm lub Urba Metallurgical Cog yog heev zais cia thiab me ntsis paub.Xyoo 2000, Ulba Metallurgical Plant tau txais $ 25 lab peev los ntawm Asmeskas tuam txhab Materion.Materion muab Ulba Metallurgical Plant nrog cov nyiaj tsim tawm beryllium rau thawj ob xyoos, thiab kho nws cov cuab yeej siv thiab muab qee cov thev naus laus zis tshiab.Nyob rau hauv rov qab, Lub Urba Metallurgical Cog tsuas yog muab cov khoom beryllium rau Materion, feem ntau suav nrog cov hlau beryllium ingots thiab beryllium tooj liab master alloys (muab txog 2012).Hauv xyoo 2005, Urba Metallurgical Plant ua tiav qhov kev npaj peev 5 xyoo no.Lub peev xwm tsim txhua xyoo ntawm Urba Metallurgical Cog yog 170-190 tons ntawm beryllium khoom, txhua xyoo muaj peev xwm ntawm beryllium tooj liab master alloy yog 3000 tons, thiab txhua xyoo muaj peev xwm ntawm beryllium tooj liab alloy yog 3000 tons.Lub peev xwm tsim khoom txhua xyoo ntawm cov khoom ncav cuag 1,000 tons.Wuerba Metallurgical Plant tau nqis peev thiab tsim ib lub tuam txhab ua lag luam nyob hauv Shanghai, Suav teb: Wuzhong Metallurgical Products (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., lub luag haujlwm rau kev ntshuam, xa tawm, rov xa tawm thiab muag ntawm lub tuam txhab beryllium khoom hauv Suav teb, East Asia , Southeast Asia thiab lwm thaj chaw.Tom qab xyoo ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, Wuzhong Metallurgical Products (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov neeg muag khoom tseem ceeb ntawm beryllium tooj liab master alloys hauv Suav teb, East Asia thiab Southeast Asia.Hauv Suav teb av loj, nws nyob ntau dua 70% ntawm kev lag luam sib koom ntawm lub ncov.

2. General xwm txheej ntawm lub teb chaws beryllium kev lag luam
Tom qab ntau xyoo ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam beryllium tau tsim ua tiav kev lag luam los ntawm ore mining, extraction metallurgy rau beryllium hlau thiab alloy ua.Cov khoom lag luam tseem ceeb tam sim no muab faib rau hauv kev lag luam beryllium cov saw muaj xws li: beryllium compounds, hlau beryllium, beryllium alloys, beryllium oxide ceramics thiab hlau beryllium-based composite cov ntaub ntawv.Cov lag luam loj suav nrog cov tuam txhab lag luam hauv xeev xws li Dongfang Tantalum thiab Minmetals Beryllium, nrog rau cov lag luam me me.Nyob rau hauv 2018, Tuam Tshoj tau tsim 50 tons ntawm ntshiab beryllium.Tebchaws Asmeskas tau txwv cov hlau beryllium thiab beryllium tooj liab master alloys rau Tuam Tshoj.Qhov tsawg tshaj plaws tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv cov saw hlau yog cov hlau beryllium.Hlau beryllium feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv lub teb chaws, aerospace thiab cov tswv yim kev pab cuam, thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws lub teb chaws tiv thaiv daim ntawv thov yog nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim nuclear missiles.Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tseem suav nrog satellite thav duab qhov chaw thiab cov qauv tsim, satellite iav lub cev, foob pob ua ntxaij nozzles, gyroscopes thiab navigation thiab riam phom tswj Cheebtsam, electronics ntim, cov ntaub ntawv kev sib txuas lus systems thiab daim iav lub cev rau high-power lasers;nuclear-qib hlau beryllium kuj tseem siv rau Kev Tshawb Fawb / sim nuclear fission thiab fusion reactors.Qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv kev lag luam saw yog beryllium tooj liab alloy.Raws li kev txheeb cais, ntau tshaj 80% ntawm beryllium hydroxide yog siv los tsim beryllium tooj liab master alloy (4% beryllium ntsiab lus).Niam alloy yog diluted nrog ntshiab tooj liab los tsim beryllium-tooj ​​liab alloys nrog beryllium ntsiab lus ntawm 0.1 ~ 2% thiab ntau yam Cheebtsam, nrog rau ntau yam ntawm beryllium-tooj ​​liab alloy profiles (bars, strips, daim hlau, xov hlau, kav dej), xov tooj ntawm tes siv. cov profiles no los ua cov khoom siv hauv kev lag luam xws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.Kev tsim cov beryllium-tooj ​​liab alloy feem ntau muab faib ua ob ntu: sab sauv thiab qis.Cov dej ntws tawm yog ore mining, extraction thiab smelting rau hauv beryllium-muaj beryllium-tooj ​​liab master alloy (cov ntsiab lus ntawm beryllium feem ntau yog 4%);lub downstream yog lub beryllium-tooj ​​liab master alloy raws li ib tug additive, ntxiv tooj liab Ntxiv smelting thiab ua nyob rau hauv beryllium tooj liab alloy profiles (tubes, strips, rods, xov hlau, daim hlau, thiab lwm yam), txhua yam khoom alloy yuav muab faib ua ntau qib vim yog tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau.

3. Cov ntsiab lus
Hauv kev lag luam beryllium tooj liab master alloy, lub peev xwm ntau lawm yog concentrated nyob rau hauv ob peb lub tuam txhab, thiab lub tebchaws United States dominates.Kev tsim cov thev naus laus zis pib ntawm beryllium tooj liab alloy yog qhov siab, thiab tag nrho kev lag luam kuj tseem muaj zog.Tsuas muaj ob peb tus neeg muag khoom lossis ib tus neeg tsim khoom lag luam super rau txhua hom npe lossis qeb.Vim tias tsis tshua muaj peev txheej thiab cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis, US Materion tuav txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb, Nyiv lub NGK thiab Kazakhstan's Urbakin Metallurgical Plant kuj muaj lub zog muaj zog, thiab cov lag luam hauv tsev tau rov qab tag nrho.Hauv kev ua lag luam ntawm beryllium tooj liab alloy profile, cov khoom siv hauv tsev yog tsom rau hauv nruab nrab-rau-kawg-kawg, thiab muaj kev xav tau loj thiab qhov chaw nyob hauv nruab nrab-rau-siab-kawg lag luam.Txawm hais tias nws yog beryllium-tooj ​​liab alloy lossis beryllium-tooj ​​liab alloy profiles, cov tuam txhab lag luam hauv tsev tseem nyob rau theem kev ntes, thiab cov khoom lag luam feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam qis, thiab tus nqi feem ntau yog ib nrab lossis qis dua li ntawm cov khoom lag luam. cov khoom hauv Tebchaws Meskas thiab Nyij Pooj.Yog vim li cas tseem txwv los ntawm kev ruaj ntseg ntawm smelting technology thiab txheej txheem.Qhov no txhais tau hais tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tsawg domestic ntau lawm thiab raug nqi, yog hais tias ib tug tej yam beryllium tooj liab smelting technology yog mastered los yog kev koom ua ke, cov khoom yuav tsum tau nkag mus rau hauv nruab nrab-kawg lag luam nrog tus nqi kom zoo dua.High-purity beryllium (99.99%) thiab beryllium-tooj ​​liab master alloys yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb uas tau txwv los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas los ntawm kev xa tawm mus rau Tuam Tshoj.