ʻO Beryllium kahi metala koʻikoʻi o ka hopohopo nui i nā mana koa nui o ka honua.Ma hope o 50 mau makahiki o ka hoʻomohala kūʻokoʻa, ua hoʻokumu maoli ka ʻoihana beryllium o koʻu ʻāina i kahi ʻōnaehana ʻoihana piha.I ka ʻoihana beryllium, ʻo ka beryllium metala ka mea liʻiliʻi i hoʻohana ʻia akā ʻo ka mea nui loa.Loaʻa iā ia nā noi koʻikoʻi ma nā kahua o ka pale aupuni, aerospace a me ka ikehu nuklea hoʻolālā.He kumu hoʻolālā a koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka palekana aupuni;ʻO ka nui loa he beryllium copper alloy, i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻoihana ʻoihana.Hoʻokuʻu aku ʻo ʻAmelika i ka beryllium maʻemaʻe a me ka beryllium copper alloys i Kina.ʻO ka Beryllium copper alloy he mea elastic elastic non-ferrous me nā waiwai ākea maikaʻi loa, i kapa ʻia ʻo "ke aliʻi o ka elasticity", me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa ʻino, ka conductivity uila kiʻekiʻe, ka conductivity thermal kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa luhi, ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, elasticity. Loaʻa iā ia ka hana maikaʻi loa e like me ka hysteresis liʻiliʻi, non-magnetic, a ʻaʻohe ʻōlinolino ke pā.No laila, ʻo ka noi nui o ka beryllium he beryllium copper alloy, a ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo 65% o ka beryllium i ka mākeke ma ke ʻano o ka beryllium copper alloy.

1. Nānā o ka ʻoihana beryllium haole

I kēia manawa, aia wale nō ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Kazakhstan a me Kina kahi ʻōnaehana ʻoihana piha o ka beryllium mai ka beryllium ore mining, extraction metallurgy i ka beryllium metala a me ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka alloy ma kahi pālākiō ʻoihana.ʻO ka ʻoihana beryllium ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ka mea nui loa ma ka honua, e hōʻike ana i ka pae ʻenehana hana honua o ka beryllium, a loaʻa iā ia kahi pōmaikaʻi loa i ka ʻoihana beryllium honua, alakaʻi a alakaʻi.Mālama ʻo ʻAmelika i ke kālepa honua i ka ʻoihana beryllium ma o ka hoʻolako ʻana i ka beryllium maka, semi-finished, a me nā huahana i hoʻopau ʻia i nā mea hana huahana beryllium a puni ka honua, ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a ma waho.Ua kaupalena ʻia ʻo Iapana ma muli o ka nele o nā kumu waiwai beryllium a ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka mana o ke kaulahao ʻoihana holoʻokoʻa, akā ua loaʻa iā ia ka ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe i ka hoʻoili lua ʻana a he hana koʻikoʻi i ka ʻoihana beryllium honua.
ʻO American Materion (ʻo Brash Wellman ma mua) ʻo ia wale nō ka mea hana i hoʻohui ʻia i ka honua e hiki ke hana i nā huahana beryllium a pau.ʻElua mau lālā nui.Hoʻokahi ʻoihana e hana i nā ʻāpana beryllium ma ka ʻoihana ʻoihana, nā beryllium copper alloy plates, strips, wires, tubes, rods, etc.;a me nā mea beryllium opipika-grade, a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe beryllium-aluminum waiwai nui no nā noi aerospace.ʻO NGK Corporation ka lua o ka mea hana keleawe beryllium nui loa ma ka honua, i kapa mua ʻia ʻo NGK Metal Corporation.Ua hoʻomaka i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana keleawe beryllium i ka makahiki 1958 a ʻo ia kahi ʻoihana nona piha o NipponGaishi Co., Ltd. (NipponGaishi).I ka makahiki 1986, kūʻai ʻo Nippon Insulator Co., Ltd. i ka lālā keleawe beryllium o Cabot Corporation o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a hoʻololi i kona inoa i NGK, no laila ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi kūlana e hoʻokūkū ai me Materion Corporation o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma ke kahua o ka beryllium copper.ʻO Obstruction Metals ka mea lawe nui loa o ka honua i ka beryllium oxide (ʻo nā kumu hoʻokomo nui ʻo Materion ma United States a me ka Ulba Metallurgical Plant ma Kazakhstan).Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻoi aku ka nui o ke keleawe beryllium o NGK ma mua o 6,000 tons.ʻO ka Urba Metallurgical Plant ka mea hoʻoheheʻe beryllium a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka mea kanu ma ka Soviet Union mua a ʻo ia ka ʻāpana o Kazakhstan.Ma mua o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka Soviet Union, ʻike nui ʻia ka hana ʻana o ka beryllium ma ka Urba Metallurgical Plant.I ka makahiki 2000, ua loaʻa i ka Ulba Metallurgical Plant kahi kālā he $25 miliona mai ka hui ʻAmelika ʻo Materion.Hāʻawi ʻo Materion i ka Ulba Metallurgical Plant me nā kālā hana beryllium no nā makahiki ʻelua mua, a hoʻonui i kāna mau mea hana a hāʻawi i kekahi mau ʻenehana hou.I ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana, hāʻawi wale ka Urba Metallurgical Plant i nā huahana beryllium i Materion, ʻo ka hapa nui me nā metallic beryllium ingots a me beryllium copper master alloys (hoʻolako a hiki i 2012).I ka makahiki 2005, ua hoʻopau ʻo Urba Metallurgical Plant i kēia hoʻolālā hoʻolālā 5 makahiki.ʻO ka mana hana makahiki o Urba Metallurgical Plant he 170-190 tons o nā huahana beryllium, ʻo ka mana hana makahiki o ka beryllium copper master alloy he 3000 tons, a ʻo ka mana hana makahiki o ka beryllium copper alloy he 3000 tons.ʻO ka mana hana makahiki o nā huahana hiki i 1,000 tons.Ua hoʻokomo a hoʻokumu ʻo Wuerba Metallurgical Plant i kahi ʻoihana nona piha ma Shanghai, Kina: Wuzhong Metallurgical Products (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., kuleana no ka lawe ʻana mai, hoʻokuʻu aku, hoʻokuʻu hou a kūʻai aku i nā huahana beryllium o ka hui ma Kina, Asia Hikina. , Asia Hikina Hema a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe.Ma hope o nā makahiki o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ua lilo ʻo Wuzhong Metallurgical Products (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. i hoʻokahi o nā mea hoʻolako nui loa o ka beryllium copper master alloys ma Kina, East Asia a me Asia Hema.Ma ka ʻāina nui ʻo Kina, ua noho ʻo ia ma mua o 70% o ka māhele mākeke ma ka piko.

2. Kūlana maʻamau o ka ʻoihana beryllium aupuni
Ma hope o nā makahiki he ʻumi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ua hoʻokumu ka ʻoihana beryllium o Kina i kahi ʻōnaehana ʻoihana piha mai ka ʻeli ʻana, ka metallurgy extraction i ka beryllium metala a me ka hoʻoili ʻana.ʻO nā huahana mākeke nui i hoʻolaha ʻia i kēia manawa i ke kaulahao ʻoihana beryllium: nā pūhui beryllium, metala beryllium, beryllium alloys, beryllium oxide ceramics a me nā metala beryllium-based composite material.Aia nā ʻoihana nui i nā ʻoihana aupuni e like me Dongfang Tantalum a me Minmetals Beryllium, a me nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.I ka makahiki 2018, ua hana ʻo Kina i 50 tons o ka beryllium maʻemaʻe.Hoʻokuʻu aku ʻo ʻAmelika i ka beryllium metala a me ka beryllium copper alloys i Kina.ʻO ka beryllium metala ka mea liʻiliʻi akā ʻo ka mea nui loa i ke kaulahao ʻoihana.Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka beryllium metala ma nā kahua o ka pale aupuni, aerospace a me nā kumuwaiwai hoʻolālā, a ʻo ka noi pale aupuni koʻikoʻi ma luna o nā missiles nuklea hoʻolālā.Eia kekahi, ua komo pū kekahi i nā ʻāpana satellite frame a me nā ʻāpana hoʻolālā, nā kino aniani uila, nā nozzles rocket, nā gyroscopes a me ka hoʻokele a me nā mea hoʻomalu i nā mea kaua, ka uila uila, nā ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio ʻikepili a me nā kino aniani no nā lasers mana kiʻekiʻe;Hoʻohana pū ʻia ka beryllium metala nuklea no ka ʻimi noiʻi / hoʻokolohua nuklea fission a me fusion reactors.ʻO ka nui loa o ke kaulahao ʻoihana he beryllium copper alloy.Wahi a nā helu, ʻoi aku ma mua o 80% o ka beryllium hydroxide i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i ka beryllium copper master alloy (4% beryllium content).Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka makuahine makuahine me ke keleawe maʻemaʻe e hana i nā beryllium-copper alloys me ka beryllium content o 0.1 ~ 2% a me nā ʻāpana like ʻole, me nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o ka beryllium-copper alloy profiles (bar, strips, plates, wires, pipes), hoʻopau ʻoihana hoʻohana. kēia mau profiles e hoʻoponopono i nā ʻāpana i hoʻohana ʻia i nā kahua ʻoihana e like me nā mea uila uila.Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hana ʻana o ka beryllium-copper alloy i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: i luna a me lalo.ʻO ka upstream, ʻo ia ka ʻeli ʻana, ka ʻili ʻana a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i loko o ka beryllium me ka beryllium-copper master alloy (ʻo ka maʻiʻo o ka beryllium ma ke ʻano he 4%);ʻO ka lalo o ka beryllium-copper master alloy ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui, hoʻohui i ke keleawe ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe hou ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i loko o ka beryllium copper alloy profiles (tubes, strips, rods, wires, plates, etc.), e māhele ʻia kēlā me kēia huahana alloy i nā māka like ʻole ma muli o hiki ole ke hana.

3. Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo
I ka beryllium copper master alloy market, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka mana hana i kekahi mau ʻoihana, a ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.ʻO ka paepae ʻenehana hana o ka beryllium copper alloy he mea kiʻekiʻe loa, a ʻo ka ʻoihana holoʻokoʻa i koʻikoʻi.He liʻiliʻi wale nō nā mea hoʻolako a i ʻole hoʻokahi super-manufacturer no kēlā me kēia hōʻailona hoʻokaʻawale a i ʻole ʻāpana.Ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o nā kumuwaiwai a me nā ʻenehana alakaʻi, noho ka US Materion i kahi kūlana alakaʻi, ʻo ka NGK o Iapana a me ka Urbakin Metallurgical Plant o Kazakhstan he ikaika ikaika, a ua hoʻi hope loa nā ʻoihana kūloko.I ka beryllium copper alloy profile market, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā huahana kūloko i ka waena waena a i ka haʻahaʻa-hopena, a aia kahi koi nui a me nā wahi kumukūʻai ma ka mākeke waena a kiʻekiʻe.Inā he beryllium-copper alloy a i ʻole beryllium-copper alloy profiles, aia nā ʻoihana kūloko i ka pae hopu, a ʻo nā huahana ka mea nui ma ka mākeke haʻahaʻa, a ʻo ke kumu kūʻai he hapalua a haʻahaʻa paha ma mua o ka nā huahana ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Iapana.ʻO ke kumu i kaupalena ʻia e ka paʻa o ka ʻenehana hoʻoheheʻe a me ke kaʻina hana.ʻO kēia hiʻohiʻona ke kumu o ka hana haʻahaʻa o ka home a me nā kumukūʻai hana, inā ʻike ʻia kekahi ʻenehana hoʻoheheʻe keleawe beryllium a hoʻohui ʻia paha, manaʻo ʻia ka huahana e komo i ka mākeke waena me ka uku kumukūʻai.ʻO ka beryllium maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe (99.99%) a me ka beryllium-copper master alloys nā mea waiwai nui i pāpā ʻia e ʻAmelika mai ka lawe ʻana aku i Kina.