E like me kā mākou e ʻike ai, he kūlana koʻikoʻi koʻu ʻāina ma ke kahua o nā ʻāina laha.Inā he mālama a hana ʻia paha, ʻo ia ka helu 1 o ka honua, e hāʻawi ana i 90% o nā huahana ʻano like ʻole i ka honua.ʻO ka punawai metala aʻu e makemake ai e hoʻolauna iā ʻoe i kēia lā he mea kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe i ke kahua o ka aerospace a me ka ʻoihana koa, akā ʻo ka huahana nui loa o ka honua a me nā mālama mālama ʻia e noho ʻia e ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, a ʻaʻole hiki i koʻu ʻāina ke hoʻokō i ka koi. no laila pono e lawe ʻia mai ka ʻāina ʻē.No laila, he aha ke ʻano o ka waiwai metala?ʻO kēia ka beryllium mine i kapa ʻia ʻo "moe i ka beryl".

ʻO ka Beryllium kahi metala keʻokeʻo hina keʻokeʻo i ʻike ʻia mai ka beryl.Ma mua, ua manaʻo nui ʻia ke ʻano o ka beryl (beryllium aluminum silicate) he alumini silicate.Akā, i ka makahiki 1798, ua ʻike ʻo Walkerland ka mea chemist Farani ma o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka beryl kekahi mea ʻike ʻole ʻia, a ʻo kēia mea ʻike ʻole he beryllium.

I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻomau koʻu ʻāina i ka holomua ʻana i ka papahana "artificial sun", nāna i lawe mai i kēia mea metala liʻiliʻi i ka maka o ka lehulehu.Ua ʻike mākou a pau ʻo ka mahana o ka plasma i hana ʻia e ka thermonuclear fusion o ka "lā artificial" ma mua o 100 miliona degere Celsius.ʻOiai inā ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia kēia mau ion wela kiʻekiʻe a ʻaʻole i hui pū me ka paia o loko o ke keʻena pane, pono ka pā i loko e kū i nā wela kiʻekiʻe loa.

ʻO ka "pā mua o ka lā artificial" i hoʻomohala kūʻokoʻa e nā ʻepekema Kina, e kū pono ana i ka paia o loko o ka mea hoʻohui wela kiʻekiʻe, i hana ʻia me ka beryllium maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe, nona ka hopena insulation wela a me nā hoʻokolohua Thermonuclear fusion. kūkulu i kahi "pā ahi".Ma muli o nā waiwai nuklea maikaʻi o ka beryllium, hoʻokani ʻo ia i nā hana koʻikoʻi he nui i ka ʻoihana nuklea, e like me ka lawelawe ʻana ma ke ʻano he "moderator neutron" no nā reactors nuklea e hōʻoia i ka fission nuklea maʻamau;me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka beryllium oxide e hana i nā mea hoʻonaninani neutron, etc.

ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo,ʻaʻole i "hoʻohana houʻia" ka beryllium i loko o kaʻoihana nukili, akā, he mea kiʻekiʻe loa i kaʻoihana aerospace a me kaʻoihana koa.ʻIke ʻoe, ʻo ka beryllium kekahi o nā metala māmā loa, me kahi ʻano o nā waiwai maikaʻi loa, e like me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, kiʻekiʻe melting point, maikaʻi thermal conductivity, reflectivity maikaʻi i ke kukui infrared, etc. ʻoihana kaua.he laulā o nā noi.

E lawe i ka mokulele ma ke ʻano he laʻana, ʻo ka index o ka "hōʻemi i ke kaumaha" koi nui loa.Ma ke ʻano he metala māmā, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka beryllium ma mua o ka alumini a ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o ke kila.Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka hana ʻana i nā papa kumu a me nā kaola no nā satelite artificial a me nā mokulele.ʻO nā kolamu a me nā pahu paʻa, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia he mau tausani o nā ʻāpana i hana ʻia me ka beryllium alloy i kahi mokulele nui.Eia kekahi, hoʻohana pū ʻia ka metala beryllium i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokele inertial a me nā ʻōnaehana optical.I ka pōkole, ua lilo ka beryllium i mea waiwai nui a waiwai no nā huahana kiʻekiʻe.

Ma ka hoʻolako ʻana i kēia waiwai metala koʻikoʻi, loaʻa iā ʻAmelika kahi pōmaikaʻi nui.Mai ka hiʻohiʻona o nā mālama, e like me ka ʻikepili i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka US Geological Survey, i ka makahiki 2016, ʻo 100,000 tons ka nui o ka beryllium, a ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa he 60,000 tons, ʻo ia ka 60% o ka mālama honua.Ma ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana, ʻo ʻAmelika ka nui loa o ka honua.I ka makahiki 2019, he 260 tons ka hana beryllium honua, kahi i hana ai ʻo ʻAmelika i 170 tons, e helu ana ma kahi o 65% o ka nui o ka honua.

ʻO ka hoʻopuka ʻana o ko mākou ʻāina he hapa wale nō ia o ko ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, he 70 tons, ʻaʻole lawa ia no mākou iho.Me ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o ka aerospace o koʻu ʻāina, ka mana nuklea a me nā mea uila a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, ua piʻi nui ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka beryllium.No ka laʻana, i ka makahiki 2019, ua hōʻea koʻu ʻāina i ka beryllium i 81.8 tons, he piʻi o 23.4 tons ma mua o ka makahiki i hala.

No laila, ʻaʻole hiki i ka hana kūloko ke hoʻokō i ka koi, a pono ia e hilinaʻi i ka lawe ʻana mai.Ma waena o lākou, i ka makahiki 2019, ua lawe mai koʻu ʻāina i 11.8 tons o ka beryllium i hana ʻole ʻia, me ka huina o 8.6836 miliona mau kālā US.Ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o ka beryllium i hāʻawi ʻia nā kumu waiwai beryllium o koʻu ʻāina i kēia manawa i ka pūʻali koa a me nā kahua mokulele.

Manaʻo paha ʻoe ma muli o ka kiʻekiʻe o ka beryllium i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, pono e lawe ʻia i Kina a me nā mākeke ʻē aʻe i ka nui.ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ia ka ʻāina hoʻomohala loa i ka honua, ua hoʻokumu ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i kahi ʻōnaehana ʻoihana piha no ka mining beryllium ore, ka ʻohi ʻana a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka beryllium metala a me ka hana ʻana.ʻAʻole e lawe pololei ʻia ka beryllium ore e mine e like me nā ʻāina kumu waiwai ʻē aʻe.

Pono ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e lawe mai mai Kazakhstan, Iapana, Brazil a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, ma o ka hana hou ʻana i nā huahana semi-finished a i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia paha, kahi hapa o ia mea e hoʻohana ʻia e ia iho, a ʻo ke koena e lawe ʻia aku i nā ʻāina hoʻomohala e hana nui. o ke kala.Ma waena o lākou, he ʻōlelo nui ka hui ʻAmelika ʻo Materion i ka ʻoihana beryllium.ʻO ia wale nō ka mea hana ma ka honua e hiki ke hana i nā huahana beryllium a pau.ʻAʻole wale kāna mau huahana e hoʻokō i ka noi kūloko ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, akā hāʻawi pū kekahi i nā ʻāina komohana holoʻokoʻa.

ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole pono mākou e hopohopo no ka "paʻa" e ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka ʻoihana beryllium.ʻIke ʻoe, ʻo Kina a me Rūsia kekahi mau ʻāina me kahi ʻōnaehana ʻoihana beryllium piha i hoʻohui ʻia me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, akā ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka ʻenehana i kēia manawa i ko ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.A mai ka manaʻo o ka mālama ʻana, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i like ka nui o nā kumu beryllium o Kina e like me ko ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua waiwai nō lākou.I ka makahiki 2015, ua hoʻolaha koʻu ʻāina i nā waihona kumu waiwai beryllium i hōʻea i 39,000 tons, ʻoi aku ka lua ma ka honua.Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka beryllium ore o koʻu ʻāina he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai mining, no laila ʻaʻole hiki i ka huahana ke hoʻokō i ka koi, a lawe ʻia kekahi o ia mea mai waho aku.

I kēia manawa, ʻo ka Northwest Institute of Rare Metal Materials wale nō ka beryllium noiʻi a me ka hoʻoili ʻana i koʻu ʻāina, me ka ʻenehana R&D alakaʻi a me ka hiki ke hana.Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei me ka holomua mau ʻana o kāna ʻenehana, e hoʻokō mālie ka ʻoihana beryllium o koʻu ʻāina i ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ka honua.