Beryllium, wanda abun ciki shine 0.001% a cikin ɓawon burodi na duniya, manyan ma'adanai sune beryl, beryllium da chrysoberyl.Beryllium na halitta yana da isotopes guda uku: beryllium-7, beryllium-8, da beryllium-10.Beryllium karfe ne mai launin toka;Matsayin narkewa 1283 ° C, wurin tafasa 2970 ° C, yawa 1.85 g/cm, beryllium ion radius 0.31 angstroms, karami fiye da sauran karafa.Halayen beryllium: Abubuwan sinadarai na beryllium suna aiki kuma suna iya samar da kariyar kariya mai yawa.Ko da a cikin ja zafi, beryllium yana da kwanciyar hankali a cikin iska.Beryllium ba zai iya amsawa kawai tare da acid dilute ba, amma kuma ya narke a cikin alkali mai ƙarfi, yana nuna amphoteric.Oxides da halides na beryllium suna da abubuwan haɗin kai na zahiri, mahadi na beryllium suna cikin sauƙi bazuwa cikin ruwa, kuma beryllium na iya samar da polymers da mahaɗan covalent tare da tabbataccen kwanciyar hankali na thermal.

Beryllium, kamar lithium, shi ma yana samar da Layer oxide mai kariya, don haka yana da kwanciyar hankali a cikin iska ko da yana da zafi.Mai narkewa a cikin ruwan sanyi, mai narkewa a cikin ruwan zafi, mai narkewa a cikin dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute sulfuric acid da potassium hydroxide bayani don saki hydrogen.Karfe beryllium yana da gagarumin juriya na lalata ga ƙarfe sodium mara iskar oxygen ko da a yanayin zafi mafi girma.Beryllium yana da tabbataccen yanayin valence 2 kuma yana iya samar da polymers da kuma nau'in mahaɗan covalent tare da ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na thermal.

Beryllium da mahadi suna da guba sosai.Ko da yake ana samun nau'o'in beryllium da yawa a cikin ɓawon burodi na duniya, har yanzu yana da wuyar gaske, wanda ya zama kashi 32 kawai na dukkan abubuwan da ke duniya.Launi da bayyanar beryllium sune fari fari ko launin toka na karfe, da abun ciki a cikin ɓawon burodi: 2.6 × 10%

Abubuwan sinadarai na beryllium suna aiki, kuma akwai nau'ikan isotopes na beryllium iri 8 waɗanda aka samo: ciki har da beryllium 6, beryllium 7, beryllium 8, beryllium 9, beryllium 10, beryllium 11, beryllium 12, beryllium 14, wanda kawai beryllium. 9 yana da kwanciyar hankali, sauran Isotopes suna aikin rediyo.A cikin yanayi, yana wanzu a cikin beryl, beryllium da chrysoberyl tama, kuma ana rarraba beryllium a cikin beryl da cat's ido.Tama mai ɗauke da Beryllium yana da bambance-bambance masu kyau, masu launuka masu kyau kuma ya kasance dutse mafi daraja tun zamanin da.

Duwatsun duwatsun da aka rubuta a cikin takardun gargajiya na kasar Sin, kamar su ainihin cat, ko dutsen asalin cat, ido na cat, da opal, waɗanda mutane da yawa kuma ake kira chrysoberyl, waɗannan ma'adanai masu ɗauke da beryllium galibi bambance-bambancen beryl ne.Ana iya samun shi ta hanyar electrolysis na narkakken beryllium chloride ko beryllium hydroxide.

Babban-tsarki beryllium shima muhimmin tushen neutrons mai sauri.Babu shakka, yana da matukar muhimmanci ga kera na'urori masu zafi a cikin injinan nukiliya, alal misali, ana amfani da shi ne a matsayin mai daidaitawa na neutron a cikin injinan nukiliya.Ana amfani da alluran jan ƙarfe na Beryllium don kera kayan aikin da ba su samar da tartsatsin wuta, kamar mahimman sassa masu motsi na injuna masu mahimmanci, injunan kayan aiki, da sauransu. nauyi, high modules na elasticity da kyau thermal kwanciyar hankali.Misali, a cikin ayyukan sararin samaniya guda biyu na binciken Cassini Saturn da Mars rover, Amurka ta yi amfani da adadi mai yawa na sassan beryllium na karfe don rage nauyi.
Yi gargadin cewa beryllium mai guba ne.Musamman a cikin kowane mita mai kubik na iska, idan dai milligram ɗaya na ƙurar beryllium zai iya sa mutane su kamu da cutar huhu mai tsanani - beryllium lung disease.Masana’antar sarrafa karafa ta kasata ta rage yawan sinadarin beryllium a cikin iska mai kubik daya zuwa kasa da gram 1/100,000, tare da samun nasarar magance matsalar kariya daga gubar beryllium.

A haƙiƙa, mahadi na beryllium sun fi beryllium guba, kuma ƙwayoyin beryllium suna samar da abubuwa masu narkewa kamar jelly a cikin kyallen jikin dabbobi da plasma, wanda kuma ke yin maganin haemoglobin ta hanyar sinadarai don samar da wani sabon abu wanda ke haifar da raunuka daban-daban a cikin kyallen takarda da gabobin, da beryllium. a cikin huhu da kasusuwa na iya haifar da ciwon daji.