Beryllium karfe ne mai mahimmanci wanda ke da matukar damuwa ga manyan sojoji a duniya.Bayan fiye da shekaru 50 na samun ci gaba mai zaman kansa, masana'antar beryllium ta ƙasa ta asali ta samar da cikakken tsarin masana'antu.A cikin masana'antar beryllium, ƙarfe beryllium shine mafi ƙarancin amfani amma mafi mahimmanci.Tana da mahimman aikace-aikace a fagen tsaron ƙasa, sararin samaniya da dabarun makamashin nukiliya.Hanya ce mai mahimmanci kuma mai mahimmanci da ta shafi tsaron kasa;Mafi girman adadin shine beryllium jan ƙarfe, wanda ake amfani da shi sosai a fagen masana'antu.Amurka ta sanyawa China takunkumin hana fitar da sinadarin beryllium da beryllium jan karfe mai kyau zuwa China.Beryllium jan ƙarfe baƙar fata abu ne na roba wanda ba na ƙarfe ba tare da kyawawan kaddarorin da aka sani da “sarkin elasticity”, tare da babban ƙarfi, ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, juriya mai lalata, haɓakar wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi, haɓakar thermal, juriya gajiya, juriya lalata, elasticity Yana da ingantacciyar aiki kamar ƙaramar hysteresis, mara magana, kuma babu tartsatsi lokacin da aka yi tasiri.Saboda haka, babban aikace-aikace na beryllium shine beryllium jan karfe, kuma an kiyasta cewa 65% na beryllium a kasuwa yana cikin nau'i na beryllium jan karfe.

1. Bayanin masana'antar beryllium na waje

A halin yanzu, Amurka, Kazakhstan da China ne kawai ke da cikakken tsarin masana'antu na beryllium daga hako ma'adinan beryllium, hakar karafa zuwa karfen beryllium da sarrafa gawa bisa ma'aunin masana'antu.Masana'antar beryllium a Amurka ita ce mafi girma a duniya, wanda ke wakiltar matakin fasahar samar da beryllium na duniya, kuma yana da cikakkiyar fa'ida a masana'antar beryllium na duniya, jagora da jagora.{Asar Amirka na sarrafa kasuwancin duniya a masana'antar beryllium ta hanyar samar da kayan beryllium danye, da aka kammala, da kuma ƙãre ga masana'antun beryllium da yawa a duniya, duka a Amurka da waje.Kasar Japan ta iyakance ne saboda rashin albarkatun albarkatun beryllium kuma ba ta da karfin dukkanin sarkar masana'antu, amma tana da fasahar ci gaba a cikin sarrafa na biyu kuma tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a masana'antar beryllium ta duniya.
American Materion (tsohon Brash Wellman) shine kawai masana'anta da aka haɗa a cikin duniya wanda zai iya samar da duk samfuran beryllium.Akwai manyan rassa guda biyu.Ɗaya daga cikin rassan yana samar da kayan aikin beryllium a filin masana'antu, beryllium jan karfe gami da faranti, tube, wayoyi, tubes, sanduna, da dai sauransu;da kayan aikin beryllium na gani-sa, da maɗaukaki na beryllium-aluminum alloys don aikace-aikacen sararin samaniya.Kamfanin NGK shine kamfani na biyu mafi girma na beryllium tagulla a duniya, wanda aka sani da NGK Metal Corporation.Ya fara samar da kayan haɗin gwal na beryllium jan ƙarfe a cikin 1958 kuma babban kamfani ne na NipponGaishi Co., Ltd. (NipponGaishi).A cikin 1986, Nippon Insulator Co., Ltd. ya sayi reshen beryllium tagulla na kamfanin Cabot Corporation na Amurka kuma ya canza sunansa zuwa NGK, don haka ya haifar da yanayi don yin gogayya da Kamfanin Materion Corporation na Amurka a fagen beryllium tagulla.Metals na toshewa shine mafi girma a duniya mai shigo da beryllium oxide (babban tushen shigo da su shine Materion a Amurka da Ulba Metallurgical Plant a Kazakhstan).NGK na shekara-shekara iya aiki na beryllium jan karfe an kiyasta fiye da 6,000 ton.Shuka Karfe na Urba ita ce kawai masana'antar narke da sarrafa beryllium a tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet kuma yanzu tana cikin Kazakhstan.Kafin rushewar Tarayyar Soviet, samar da beryllium a cikin Urba Metallurgical Plant ya kasance sirri sosai kuma ba a san shi ba.A cikin 2000, Ulba Metallurgical Plant ya sami jarin dalar Amurka miliyan 25 daga kamfanin Amurka Materion.Materion ya samar wa kamfanin Ulba Metallurgical Plant da kudaden samar da beryllium na tsawon shekaru biyu na farko, kuma ya sabunta kayan aikinsa da samar da wasu sabbin fasahohi.A sakamakon haka, The Urba Metallurgical Plant yana ba da samfuran beryllium na musamman ga Materion, musamman waɗanda suka haɗa da ƙarfe na beryllium ingots da beryllium jan ƙarfe master gami (samar har zuwa 2012).A cikin 2005, Urba Metallurgical Plant ya kammala wannan shirin saka hannun jari na shekaru 5.The shekara-shekara samar iya aiki na Urba Metallurgical Plant ne 170-190 ton na beryllium kayayyakin, da shekara-shekara samar iya aiki na beryllium jan karfe master gami ne 3000 ton, da shekara-shekara samar iya aiki na beryllium jan karfe ne 3000 ton.Yawan samar da kayayyaki na shekara-shekara ya kai ton 1,000.Wuerba Metallurgical Plant ya zuba jari kuma ya kafa wani kamfani na gaba ɗaya mallakar a Shanghai, China: Wuzhong Metallurgical Products (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., mai alhakin shigo da, fitarwa, sake fitarwa da kuma siyar da samfuran beryllium na kamfanin a China, gabashin Asiya. , Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya da sauran yankuna.Bayan shekaru na bunkasuwa, Wuzhong Metallurgical Products (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. ya zama daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci da ke samar da kayan aikin karfe na beryllium na kasar Sin, gabashin Asiya da kudu maso gabashin Asiya.A babban yankin kasar Sin, ya mamaye sama da kashi 70% na kason kasuwa a kololuwar.

2. Babban yanayin masana'antar beryllium na kasa
Bayan shekaru da dama na ci gaba, masana'antar beryllium ta kasar Sin sun samar da cikakken tsarin masana'antu daga hakar ma'adinai, hakar karafa zuwa karafa na beryllium da sarrafa gami.Babban samfuran kasuwa da aka rarraba a halin yanzu a cikin sarkar masana'antar beryllium sun haɗa da: mahadi na beryllium, ƙarfe beryllium, gami da beryllium gami, yumbu na beryllium oxide da kayan haɗin ƙarfe na tushen beryllium.Manyan masana'antu sun haɗa da kamfanoni mallakar gwamnati kamar Dongfang Tantalum da Minmetals Beryllium, da kuma ƙananan kamfanoni masu zaman kansu.A shekarar 2018, kasar Sin ta samar da tan 50 na beryllium zalla.Amurka ta sanyawa China takunkumi na karfen beryllium da beryllium tagulla.Mafi ƙanƙanta amma mafi mahimmanci a cikin sarkar masana'antu shine karfe beryllium.Karfe beryllium ana amfani da shi ne a fagen tsaron ƙasa, sararin samaniya da kuma albarkatun ƙasa, kuma mafi mahimmancin aikace-aikacen tsaron ƙasa shine kan dabarun makaman nukiliya.Bugu da ƙari, ya haɗa da sassan firam ɗin tauraron dan adam da sassan tsarin, jikin madubi na tauraron dan adam, nozzles rocket, gyroscopes da kewayawa da kayan sarrafa makamai, marufi na lantarki, tsarin sadarwar bayanai da jikin madubi don manyan lasers;Karfe beryllium kuma ana amfani da shi don Bincike / gwaji na fission na nukiliya da na'urorin haɗin gwiwa.Mafi girman adadin a cikin sarkar masana'antu shine beryllium jan karfe gami.Bisa ga kididdigar, fiye da 80% na beryllium hydroxide ana amfani da shi don samar da beryllium jan karfe master gami (4% abun ciki na beryllium).An diluted uwar gami da tagulla mai tsafta don samar da kayan kwalliyar beryllium-Copper tare da abun ciki na beryllium na 0.1 ~ 2% da kuma abubuwan da aka gyara daban-daban, gami da nau'ikan bayanan martaba na beryllium-jan karfe daban-daban (sanduna, tube, faranti, wayoyi, bututu), kamfanoni masu ƙarewa Yi amfani da su. waɗannan bayanan martaba don aiwatar da abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su a fagen masana'antu kamar na'urorin lantarki masu amfani.Samar da gawa na beryllium-Copper gabaɗaya ya kasu kashi biyu: sama da ƙasa.Abun da ke sama shine hakar ma'adinai, hakarwa da narkewa zuwa cikin abubuwan da ke ɗauke da beryllium-tagulla babban gami (abin ciki na beryllium gabaɗaya 4%);Ƙarƙashin ƙasa shine beryllium-copper master alloy azaman ƙari, yana ƙara jan ƙarfe Ƙarin narkewa da aiki zuwa bayanan martaba na beryllium jan ƙarfe (tubes, tubes, sanduna, wayoyi, faranti, da sauransu), kowane samfurin gami za a raba shi zuwa maki daban-daban saboda rashin iya aiki.

3. Takaitawa
A cikin kasuwar babban kayan kwalliyar tagulla na beryllium, ƙarfin samarwa ya ta'allaka ne a cikin 'yan kamfanoni, kuma Amurka ta mamaye.Ƙofar fasahar samar da kayan aikin ƙarfe na beryllium jan ƙarfe yana da inganci, kuma duk masana'antar suna da ƙarfi sosai.Akwai ƴan masu samarwa ko babban masana'anta guda ɗaya don kowane iri ko nau'i da aka raba.Saboda karancin albarkatu da manyan fasahar kere-kere, Materion na Amurka ya mamaye matsayi na gaba, NGK na Japan da Kazakhstan na Urbakin Metallurgical Plant suma suna da karfi sosai, kuma kamfanonin cikin gida sun koma baya.A cikin kasuwar bayanin martaba na jan karfe na beryllium, samfuran cikin gida sun ta'allaka ne a cikin tsaka-tsaki-zuwa-ƙasa-ƙarshe, kuma akwai babban madadin buƙatu da sarari farashi a cikin kasuwar tsakiyar-zuwa-ƙarshe.Ko dai beryllium-Copper alloy ko beryllium-tagulla gami profiles, cikin gida Enterprises har yanzu a cikin kama-up mataki, da kuma kayayyakin ne yafi a cikin low-karshen kasuwa, kuma farashin ne sau da yawa rabin ko ma kasa da na na na cikin gida. samfurori a Amurka da Japan.Dalilin har yanzu yana iyakance ta hanyar kwanciyar hankali na fasaha da tsari.Wannan al'amari yana nufin cewa a cikin yanayin ƙarancin samar da kayayyaki na cikin gida da farashin masana'anta, idan an ƙware ko haɗawa da wata fasaha ta berylium tagulla, ana sa ran samfurin zai shiga kasuwa ta tsakiya tare da fa'idar farashin.Babban tsaftar beryllium (99.99%) da beryllium-Copper master alloys sune mahimman albarkatun da Amurka ta haramta fitarwa zuwa China.